Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Neville, Ross D.; Lakes, Kimberley D.; Hopkins, Will G.; Tarantino, Giampiero; Draper, Catherine E.; Beck, Rosemary; Madigan, Sheri

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2313

Cited by 111 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Reducing gender inequalities is an important aim of global physical activity strategies, 25 and the present study suggests that gender inequality was a significant moderator of trends in most of the indicators. An analysis of Global Matrix 4.0 data 22 shows that physical activity indicators declined globally as a result of COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures, consistent with other evidence, 26,27 but the influence of COVID-19 on the trends analyzed in the present study was relatively minor because data collection for GM 4.0 occurred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic for most report card indicators in most countries. 22…”

Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Our findings suggest that across the 4 Global Matrix initiatives (published between 2014 and 2022) time spent in physical activity and sedentary behaviors among children and adolescents globally, and the influences on these behaviors, were relatively stable, though for most of the report card indicators trends were more undesirable in countries with higher levels of gender inequality. If the global goal to reduce physical inactivity in adolescents by 15% by 2030 27 is to be met, the present study suggests that more urgent and substantial actions will be required in the rest of this decade. If global ambitions to reduce gender inequalities in physical activity among children and adolescents are to be achieved 25 , the present study also suggests more urgent and more substantive attention is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Reilly

Barnes

González

et al. 2022

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background: We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior) and 4 influences on these (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). Methods: Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 to 2, with 0 assigned for missing/incomplete grades. Trends from Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 (2014) to 4.0 (2022) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with level of economic development and gender inequity considered as potential moderators. Results: Report card grades were generally relatively stable. Trends generally did not differ significantly by level of economic development (except for Active Transportation and Active Play), but gender inequality did significantly moderate trends for most of the indicators, with higher gender inequality associated with more adverse changes in grades. The number of “incomplete” grades decreased over time, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: While trends varied within and between countries, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and the influences on these behaviors globally, were relatively stable over the past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.

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Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Reilly

Barnes

González

et al. 2022

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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“…These findings should be considered along with another meta-analysis suggesting a 32% decrease in children's engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity during the pandemic. 74 Policy-relevant pandemic recovery planning and resource allocation should therefore consider how to help children, adolescents, and families to "sit less and play more" to meet the 24-hour movement guidelines. 75 In this meta-analysis, we identified several moderators that explained existing heterogeneity across studies examining changes in screen time before vs during the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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ImportanceTo limit the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictions were imposed on youths, including school closures, isolation requirements, social distancing, and cancelation of extracurricular activities, which independently or collectively may have shifted screen time patterns.ObjectiveTo estimate changes in the duration, content, and context of screen time of children and adolescents by comparing estimates taken before the pandemic with those taken during the pandemic and to determine when and for whom screen time has increased the most.Data SourcesElectronic databases were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 5, 2022, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 2474 nonduplicate records were retrieved.Study SelectionStudy inclusion criteria were reported changes in the duration (minutes per day) of screen time before and during the pandemic; children, adolescents, and young adults (≤18 years); longitudinal or retrospective estimates; peer reviewed; and published in English.Data Extraction and SynthesisA total of 136 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to May 5, 2022, with a random-effects meta-analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChange in daily screen time comparing estimates taken before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 46 studies (146 effect sizes; 29 017 children; 57% male; and mean [SD] age, 9 [4.1] years) revealed that, from a baseline prepandemic value of 162 min/d (2.7 h/d), during the pandemic there was an increase in screen time of 84 min/d (1.4 h/d), representing a 52% increase. Increases were particularly marked for individuals aged 12 to 18 years (k [number of sample estimates] = 26; 110 min/d) and for device type (handheld devices [k = 20; 44 min/d] and personal computers [k = 13; 46 min/d]). Moderator analyses showed that increases were possibly larger in retrospective (k = 36; 116 min/d) vs longitudinal (k = 51; 65 min/d) studies. Mean increases were observed in samples examining both recreational screen time alone (k = 54; 84 min/d) and total daily screen time combining recreational and educational use (k = 33; 68 min/d).Conclusions and RelevanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to considerable disruptions in the lives and routines of children, adolescents, and families, which is likely associated with increased levels of screen time. Findings suggest that when interacting with children and caregivers, practitioners should place a critical focus on promoting healthy device habits, which can include moderating daily use; choosing age-appropriate programs; promoting device-free time, sleep, and physical activity; and encouraging children to use screens as a creative outlet or a means to meaningfully connect with others.

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“…Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors have adverse consequences on physical fitness levels [10]. Many research studies from different countries showed a worrying decrease of physical activity levels (PAL), associated to a dramatic increase of time spent in sedentary behaviors during and after lockdown [11,12]. The authors stated that social context, parental education level, environment and physical characteristics are factors having an impact on the percentage of decrease in PAL during lockdown [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery

Béghin

Torgerson

Baudelet³

et al. 2022

Eur J Pediatr

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Numerous studies reported a significant decline in physical activity level in adolescents as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. Physical fitness is recognized as a powerful marker of health in youth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on health-related physical fitness in French adolescents. Two cross-sectional studies were performed comparing two different groups of French adolescents, before (sample 1) and after the first lockdown (sample 2). A total of 1231 adolescents (aged to 16.5 ± 1.5 years) participated in the two cross-sectional studies. Complete data for physical fitness and anthropometrics data were obtained. Adolescents from sample 2 showed lower physical fitness levels compared to adolescents from sample 1. Regarding physical fitness for boys and girls, physical fitness levels were significantly lower in both sex between adolescents from the sample 1 and adolescents from the sample 2, except for cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility for boys and girls, respectively. The physical fitness global score was also significantly lower between adolescents from the sample 1 and 2 for boys (−9.8%, p < 0.01) and girls (−16.2%; p < 0.01), respectively. Overall, the higher difference was found for performance in the speed body displacement test (−30%). A difference of 12.8% and 25% was observed for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusion : COVID-19 pandemic lockdown had a negative impact on physical fitness in French youth. This study highlights the need to develop, in a near future, prevention programmes in order to improve the physical fitness in youth. What is Known: • COVID-19 pandemic deeply impacted lifestyle habits. A worrying decrease of physical activity, associated to a dramatic increase of time spent in sedentary behaviors was found in many coutries. What is New: • Our study bring first data on the health-related physical fitness consequences due to lockdown in French adolescents. Our study demonstrate the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on health-related physical fitness in French adolescents.

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Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 111 publications

References 77 publications

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery

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