Global carbon isotopic events associated with mass extinction and glaciation in the late Ordovician

Marshall, James D.; Brenchley, P. J.; Mason, Paul R.D.; Wolff, George A.; Astini, Ricardo A.; Hints, Linda; Meidla, Tõnu

doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(97)00063-1

Cited by 118 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, similar large δ 13 C excursions during the Early to Mid-Paleozoic were recorded also in the latest Hirnantian (Marshall et al, 1997;Brenchley et al, 2003), Late Ludlow (Azmy et al, 1998) and the latest Famennian . In the Baltic Hirnantian, the positive carbon isotope excursion commenced at about the same time as the onset of glaciation (Brenchley et al, 1994(Brenchley et al, , 2003 and a similar pattern was noted also for the latest Famennian of Europe and North America (e.g., Brand et al, 2004).…”

Section: Ll-w Boundary-event Chemostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Biochemostratigraphic research is making great strides in identifying and defining geological events, in particular those related to glacial and biotic phenomena (e.g., Brenchley et al, 1994;Marshall et al, 1997;Veizer et al, 1997Veizer et al, , 1999Azmy et al, 1998;Ruppel et al, 1998;Mii et al, 1999;Brand et al, 2004). Unfortunately, detailed stratigraphic information and biogeochemical data are still rare for many of these events, hindering elucidation of cause and effect relationships and resolution of the progression of temporal events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Brand

Azmy

Veizer

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Well-preserved brachiopods from the Niagara Gorge area, Anticosti Island, Britain, Gotland and Estonia were utilised to delineate a complex isotopic evolution for Llandovery-Wenlock seawater. The Sr-isotope record reflects the Salinic I tectophase of the Late Llandovery in the continuous increase in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values from 0.708070 to 0.708346. The Salinic II tectophase is marked by relative constancy of Sr isotope values until the Late Wenlock when it rises from 0.708345 to 0.708430. The second tectonic phase was therefore likely only of a regional nature. The carbon isotopes during the Llandovery fall within a band of about − 1‰ to + 3‰, a range comparable to modern low-latitude brachiopods. A large positive δ 13 C excursion of about 3‰, identifies the Ireviken event/excursion, characterizes the Early Wenlock. The biotic crisis and the isotope excursion itself may be ultimately related to the onset and duration of the Cancañiri glaciation, although a direct causative scenario is as yet unknown. The oxygen isotopic trends of well-preserved brachiopods clearly reflect a warm climate interval during the latest Llandovery associated with the Silurian sea level highstand. Subsequently, in the Early Wenlock, the sea level fell with the onset of the Cancañiri glaciation in the southern hemisphere. This is reflected in a significant positive δ 18 O excursion, particularly in brachiopods from the Niagara Gorge area. Brachiopods from lower latitudes were awash in warm tropical currents and therefore exhibit somewhat more negative δ 18 O values, indicating a lesser cooling gradient.

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Section: Ll-w Boundary-event Chemostratigraphysupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Brand

Azmy

Veizer

2006

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…The latter is believed to be of early Llandovery age, but on the basis of some chitinozoans it may be as young as late Aeronian-early Telychian [Caputo, 1998]. d) Diamictites of the Don Braulio Formation of the Argentine Precordillera are much better dated by a varied Hirnantia fauna in siltstones just above the glacial sediments and with Normalograptus persculptus (SALTER) in mudstones some ten metres higher [Astini, 1999;Marshall et al, 1997].…”

Section: Glacial Events On Gondwanamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…part of Avalonia which joined Baltica in the late Ordovician, commenced roughly 12-15 years ago. Data now available [Brenchley et al, 1994;Wenzel and Joachimski, 1996;Samtleben et al, 1996;Kaljo et al, 1997Kaljo et al, , 1998Marshall et al, 1997;Azmy et al, 1998;Wigforss-Lange, 1999] allow us to discuss a more or less continuous curve of δ 13 C values beginning with the middle Caradoc Kinnekulle "big" bentonite until the Silurian-Devonian boundary beds in the Ventspils core (Latvia). In the course of this time (~38 m.y.)…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of Gondwana glaciations in the Baltic late Ordovician and Silurian and a carbon isotopic test of environmental cyclicity

Kaljo¹,

Martma²,

Männik³

et al. 2003

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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Abstract. -Four glaciations -the extensively studied Hirnantian episode and three in the Llandovery-earliest Wenlockare well established on the Gondwana palaeocontinent. New data [Hamoumi, 1999] shift the beginning of the glacial epoch to the early Caradoc when Baltica was moving from middle to low latitudes of the southern Hemisphere. Despite the rather considerable distance between polar areas of Gondwana and subtropical Baltica all four glacial events are reflected via global climatic mechanisms in the East Baltic. It is generally accepted that glaciations are marked by positive excursions of δ 18 O and δ 13 C values caused by increase of the polar ice caps, bioproduction and decrease of oceanic water temperature, etc. Based on these relationships, the Gondwana glacial events are correlated with coeval isotopic shifts established in sections of Baltica. In addition, agreement of the oceanic processes and corresponding carbon isotopic trends predicted by Jeppsson [1990] to real measured values is analysed.The following positive δ 13 C excursions are recorded in the Baltic area (peak values in parentheses) : middle Caradoc (2.2 ‰), early Ashgill (2.5 ‰), Hirnantian (6 ‰), early Aeronian (3.7 ‰), early Telychian (2.7 ‰), early Wenlock (5.2 ‰). Most of these shifts correlate well with glacio-eustatic sea level lowstands and biodiversity changes, as shown by the most extensive Oandu crisis in the Caradoc, Hirnantian mass extinction and the Wenlock Ireviken Event.Analysis of data allows the following conclusions : (1) all four Gondwana glaciations identified by tillites, microconglomeratic clays, etc. and dated biostratigraphically are recognised in the Baltic area through clear positive carbon isotope excursions at the same levels; (2) three smaller carbon isotope excursions in the Caradoc and Ashgill together with algal abundance data suggest the presence of several colder climate episodes during the late Ordovician. This may support the idea of the earlier onset of the glacial epoch on Gondwana; however, correct biostratigraphic dating of supposed glacial sediments is required; (3) the carbon isotopic testing of the oceanic model by Jeppsson reveals too many contradictions between model predictions and measured values. This means that the environmental background of isotopic events and relationships with oceanic events should be revised ; (4) for delimitation of the climaticoceanic episodes, a more general marker identifying environmental change via a basinal approach seems useful. For this purpose lithological, geochemical or palaeontological criteria can be used. L'influence de la glaciation du Gondwana à l'Ordovicien supérieur et au Silurien de la Baltique.Un test de la cyclicité de l'environnement à l'aide des isotopes du carboneMots clés. -Baltica, Glaciation, Gondwana, Isotopes du carbone, Ordovicien, Paléoclimatologie, Silurien.Résumé. -Sur le continent Gondwana ont été mises en évidence quatre glaciations -l'épisode Hirnantien extrêmement étudié et trois autres au Llandovérien et au commencement du Wenlo...

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Phanerozoic Mass Extinctions

Glikson

2023

The Trials of Gaia

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Global carbon isotopic events associated with mass extinction and glaciation in the late Ordovician

Cited by 118 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Evaluation of the Salinic I tectonic, Cancañiri glacial and Ireviken biotic events: Biochemostratigraphy of the Lower Siluriansuccession in the Niagara Gorge area, Canada and U.S.A.

Implications of Gondwana glaciations in the Baltic late Ordovician and Silurian and a carbon isotopic test of environmental cyclicity

Phanerozoic Mass Extinctions

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