Global carbon budget 2013

Quéré, Corinne Le; Peters, Glen P.; Andres, R. J.; Andrew, Robbie M.; Boden, T. A.; Ciais, Philippe; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Houghton, Richard A.; Marland, Gregg; Moriarty, Robert M.; Sitch, S.; Tans, Pieter P.; Arneth, Almut; Arvanitis, Athanasios; Bakker, D. C. E.; Bopp, Laurent; Canadell, Josep G.; Chini, L. P.; Doney, Scott C.; Harper, Anna; Harris, Ian; House, Joanna Isobel; Jain, Atul K.; Jones, S. D. M.; Kato, Etsushi; Keeling, Ralph F.; Goldewijk, Kees Klein; Körtzinger, Arne; Koven, Charles D.; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Omar, A. M.; Ono, Tsuneo; Park, G.-H.; Pfeil, Benjamin; Poulter, Benjamin; Raupach, Michael; Regnier, Pierre; Rödenbeck, Christian; Saito, Shu; Schwinger, Jörg; Segschneider, Joachim; Stocker, Benjamin D.; Tilbrook, Bronte; Heuven, S. van; Viovy, Nicolas; Wanninkhof, Rik; Wiltshire, Andy; Zaehle, Sönke; Yue, Chunmei

doi:10.5194/essdd-6-689-2013

Cited by 137 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…This method has been used by Lawrence et al (2012) as "land use flux", and in a similar way by Poulter et al in Le Quéré et al (2013) as "emissions from landuse change". However, both studies report only instantaneous emissions and product pool fluxes, i.e.…”

Section: Single (Coupled or Uncoupled) Lulcc Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates

et al. 2014

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Abstract.Reasons for the large uncertainty in land use and land cover change (LULCC) emissions go beyond recognized issues related to the available data on land cover change and the fact that model simulations rely on a simplified and incomplete description of the complexity of biological and LULCC processes. The large range across published LULCC emission estimates is also fundamentally driven by the fact that the net LULCC flux is defined and calculated in different ways across models. We introduce a conceptual framework that allows us to compare the different types of models and simulation setups used to derive land use fluxes. We find that published studies are based on at least nine different definitions of the net LULCC flux. Many multi-model syntheses lack a clear agreement on definition. Our analysis reveals three key processes that are accounted for in different ways: the land use feedback, the loss of additional sink capacity, and legacy (regrowth and decomposition) fluxes. We show that these terminological differences, alone, explain differences between published net LULCC flux estimates that are of the same order as the published estimates themselves. This has consequences for quantifications of the residual terrestrial sink: the spread in estimates caused by terminological differences is conveyed to those of the residual sink. Furthermore, the application of inconsistent definitions of net LULCC flux and residual sink has led to double-counting of fluxes in the past. While the decision to use a specific definition of the net LULCC flux will depend on the scientific application and potential political considerations, our analysis shows that the uncertainty of the net LULCC flux can be substantially reduced when the existing terminological confusion is resolved.

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Section: Single (Coupled or Uncoupled) Lulcc Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates

et al. 2014

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“…The global ocean currently takes up about 25% of all annually emitted anthropogenic CO 2 (Le Queré et al, 2013). Once dissolved in seawater, most of the CO 2 is transported into deep waters via thermohaline circulation and the biological pump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Acidification Experiments in Large-Scale Mesocosms Reveal Similar Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Production and Biotransformation

et al. 2017

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a major reservoir of carbon in the oceans. Environmental stressors such as ocean acidification (OA) potentially affect DOM production and degradation processes, e.g., phytoplankton exudation or microbial uptake and biotransformation of molecules. Resulting changes in carbon storage capacity of the ocean, thus, may cause feedbacks on the global carbon cycle. Previous experiments studying OA effects on the DOM pool under natural conditions, however, were mostly conducted in temperate and coastal eutrophic areas. Here, we report on OA effects on the existing and newly produced DOM pool during an experiment in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean at the Canary Islands during an (1) oligotrophic phase and (2) after simulated deep water upwelling. The last is a frequently occurring event in this region controlling nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics. We manipulated nine large-scale mesocosms with a gradient of pCO 2 ranging from ∼350 up to ∼1,030 µatm and monitored the DOM molecular composition using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry via Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). An increase of 37 µmol L −1 DOC was observed in all mesocosms during a phytoplankton bloom induced by simulated upwelling. Indications for enhanced DOC accumulation under elevated CO 2 became apparent during a phase of nutrient recycling toward the end of the experiment. The production of DOM was reflected in changes of the molecular DOM composition. Out of the 7,212 molecular formulae, which were detected throughout the experiment, ∼50% correlated significantly in mass spectrometric signal intensity with cumulative bacterial protein production (BPP) and are likely a product of microbial transformation. However, no differences in the produced compounds were found with respect to CO 2 levels. Comparing the results of this experiment with a comparable OA experiment in the Swedish Gullmar Fjord, reveals similar succession patterns for individual compound pools during a phytoplankton bloom Zark et al. DOM Dynamics during an Oligotrophic OA Experiment and subsequent accumulation of these compounds were observed. The similar behavior of DOM production and biotransformation during and following a phytoplankton bloom irrespective of plankton community composition and CO 2 treatment provides novel insights into general dynamics of the marine DOM pool.

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“…Nevertheless, the rate of forest loss by natural disturbances and human interventions has increased dramatically. Tropical deforestation currently represents about 8% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions, although historically, this rate has ranged from 15%-25% [2,3]. Tropical forest clearing brings declines in biological diversity, environmental functions and forest products [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Species Diversity and Biomass Estimates of Tropical Dry Forests Using Airborne LiDAR

et al. 2014

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The spatial distribution of plant diversity and biomass informs management decisions to maintain biodiversity and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Optical remotely sensed data is often used for supporting such activities; however, it is difficult to estimate these variables in areas of high biomass. New technologies, such as airborne LiDAR, have been used to overcome such limitations. LiDAR has been increasingly used to map carbon stocks in tropical forests, but has rarely been used to estimate plant species diversity. In this study, we first evaluated the effect of using different plot sizes and plot designs on improving the prediction accuracy of species richness and biomass from LiDAR metrics using multiple linear regression. Second, we developed a general model to predict species richness and biomass from LiDAR metrics for two different types of tropical dry forest using regression analysis. Third, we evaluated the relative roles of vegetation structure and habitat heterogeneity in explaining the observed patterns of biodiversity and biomass, using variation partition analysis and LiDAR metrics. The results showed that with increasing plot size, there is an increase of the accuracy of biomass estimations. In contrast, for species richness, the inclusion of different habitat conditions (cluster of four plots over an area of 1.0 ha) provides better estimations. We also show that models of plant diversity and biomass can be derived from small footprint LiDAR at both local and regional scales. Finally, we found that a large portion of the variation in species richness can be exclusively attributed to habitat heterogeneity, while biomass was mainly explained by vegetation structure.

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Global carbon budget 2013

Cited by 137 publications

References 95 publications

Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates

Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates

Ocean Acidification Experiments in Large-Scale Mesocosms Reveal Similar Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Production and Biotransformation

Improving Species Diversity and Biomass Estimates of Tropical Dry Forests Using Airborne LiDAR

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