Global calcium transducer P-type Ca2+-ATPases open new avenues for agriculture by regulating stress signalling

Abstract

Food security is in danger under the continuous growing threat of various stresses including climate change and global warming, which ultimately leads to a reduction in crop yields. Calcium plays a very important role in many signal transduction pathways including stress signalling. Different extracellular stimuli trigger increases in cytosolic calcium, which is detrimental to plants. To cope with such stresses, plants need to develop efficient efflux mechanisms to maintain ionic homeostasis. The Ca(2+)-ATPases are members of the P-type ATPase superfamily, which perform many fundamental processes in organisms by actively transporting ions across cellular membranes. In recent years, many studies have revealed that, as well as efflux mechanisms, Ca(2+)-ATPases also play critical roles in sensing calcium fluctuations and relaying downstream signals by activating definitive targets, thus modulating corresponding metabolic pathways. As calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) is reported to play vital roles in stress tolerance, the presence of a unique CaM-binding site in type IIB Ca(2+)-ATPases indicates their potential role in biotic as well as abiotic stress tolerance. The key roles of Ca(2+)-ATPases in transport systems and stress signalling in cellular homeostasis are addressed in this review. A complete understanding of plant defence mechanisms under stress will allow bioengineering of improved crop plants, which will be crucial for food security currently observed worldwide in the context of global climate changes. Overall, this article covers classification, evolution, structural aspects of Ca(2+)-ATPases, and their emerging roles in plant stress signalling.

Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

“…Ca 2+ hotspots visualized in transfer cells, for instance, co-localized with cell-wall apposition giving rise to cell wall protuberances (Zhang et al, 2015). The reversibility of the forisome dispersion may depend on the activity of Ca 2+ pumps in sieve-element membranes as observed in other cell types (Kudla et al, 2010; Huda et al, 2013). …”

Role of Cation/Proton Exchangers in Abiotic Stress Signaling and Stress Tolerance in Plants

“…Much research over the past few years has demonstrated the importance of Ca 2+ infl ux pathways in plant Ca 2+ signaling and transducing abiotic stress stimuli (Jammes et al 2011 ;Spalding and Harper 2011 ;Swarbreck et al 2013 ), but will not be the focus of this review. (Huda et al 2013 ). In contrast, the roles of ion-coupled Ca 2+ exchangers have been less clearly understood.…”

Effect of preparations Methyure and Ivine on Са(2+)-ATPases activity in plasma and vacuolar membrane of corn seedling roots under salt stress conditions

“…Such an effect of salt exposure on activity of Ca 2+ -АТPases in these membrane was also shown on other cultures. The given Ca 2+ -АТPases play great role in ecologic plasticity of plants that was demonstrated at the early varieties of rice, tomatoes, radish and corn [6][7][8][9].…”

“…The presence of Na + causes temporary accu mulation of the both subtypes of Са 2+ -АТPases that indicates their role in adaptation to salinity condi tions [6,[8][9][10].…”

“…Ca 2+ -ATPase of plant membrane is represented by two subtypes: Ca 2+ -АТРase ІІА and Ca 2+ -АТРase ІІВ, the latter displaying sensiti vity to calmodulin. They are simi lar to Ca 2+ -АТРase of animal cells as to their struc ture and membrane localization [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”