Global Burden of Respiratory Diseases Attributable to Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract

Background: Exposure to ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) is a global health issue that directly affects the human respiratory system. Thus, we estimated the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of APMP-related respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2019.Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, data on the burden of APMP-related respiratory diseases were analyzed by age, sex, cause, and location. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the temporal trends in the burden of different respiratory diseases over the 30 years.Results: Globally, in 2019, APMP contributed the most to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with 695.1 thousand deaths and 15.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); however, the corresponding age-standardized death and DALY rates declined from 1990 to 2019. Similarly, although age-standardized death and DALY rates since 1990 decreased by 24% and 40%, respectively, lower respiratory infections (LRIs) still had the second highest number of deaths and DALYs attributable to APMP. This was followed by tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer, which showed increased age-standardized death and DALY rates during the past 30 years and reached 3.78 deaths per 100,000 persons and 84.22 DALYs per 100,000 persons in 2019. Among children aged < 5 years, LRIs had a huge burden attributable to APMP, whereas for older people, COPD was the leading cause of death and DALYs attributable to APMP. The APMP-related burdens of LRIs and COPD were relatively higher among countries with low and low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI), while countries with high-middle SDI showed the highest burden of TBL cancer attributable to APMP.Conclusions: APMP contributed substantially to the global burden of respiratory diseases, posing a significant threat to human health. Effective actions aimed at air pollution can potentially avoid an increase in the PM2.5-associated disease burden, especially in highly polluted areas.

Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

“… 29 The authors found that Nepal had the highest death rate from COPD caused by air pollution in 2019; 25.9% of the deaths from COPD were caused by exposure to this risk factor. 29 With rapid urbanisation in Nepal, the use of motorised vehicles has increased from nearly 224 000 in 1990 to 1.3 million in 2012. 30 The high rate of deaths in Nepal might be because of failure to effectively regulate air pollutants and ineffective implementation of air quality control measures.…”

“…The highest age standardised death rate in 2019 was found in Nepal, with 182.5 deaths per 100 000 population. A recent study used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to evaluate the burden of respiratory diseases attributable to pollution from ambient particular matter 29. The authors found that Nepal had the highest death rate from COPD caused by air pollution in 2019; 25.9% of the deaths from COPD were caused by exposure to this risk factor 29.…”

“…A recent study used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study to evaluate the burden of respiratory diseases attributable to pollution from ambient particular matter 29. The authors found that Nepal had the highest death rate from COPD caused by air pollution in 2019; 25.9% of the deaths from COPD were caused by exposure to this risk factor 29. With rapid urbanisation in Nepal, the use of motorised vehicles has increased from nearly 224 000 in 1990 to 1.3 million in 2012 30.…”

Bufei Decoction Improves Lung-Qi Deficiency Syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Rats by Regulating the Balance of Th17/Treg Cells

“…As the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, this disease is considered to be an underlying disease that easily leads to an increased risk of hospitalization and death [ 4 ]. Therefore, the high mortality and morbidity of COPD pose a great danger to human health and become a global public health challenge [ 5 ].…”

“…The main risk factors of COPD development can be attributed to smoking and air pollution [ 5 ], but the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. It is generally believed that COPD develops chronically in the respiratory system due to the release of inflammatory mediators resulting in abnormal immune functions.…”