Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology

Abstract

Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome characterized by significant morbidity and mortality, poor functional capacity and quality of life, and high costs. HF affects more than 64 million people worldwide. Therefore, attempts to decrease its social and economic burden have become a major global public health priority. While the incidence of HF has stabilized and seems to be declining in industrialized countries, the prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population, improved treatment of and survival with ischemic heart disease, and the availability of effective evidence-based therapies prolonging life in patients with HF. There are geographical variations in HF epidemiology. There is substantial lack of data from developing countries, where HF exhibits different features compared with that observed in the Western world. In this review, we provide a contemporary overview on the global burden of HF, providing updated estimates on prevalence, incidence, outcomes, and costs worldwide.

Extracellular Vesicles, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease

“…Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural and/or functional abnormalities of the heart [ 60 ]. With a global prevalence of 64.3 million in 2017, HF is a major public health concern [ 61 , 62 ]. In the United States, the prevalence of HF is projected to increase to >8 million by 2030 [ 63 ].…”

“…In the United States, the prevalence of HF is projected to increase to >8 million by 2030 [ 63 ]. The proportion of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (<40%) ranges from 36% to 81%, depending on the region and registry used [ 62 ]. The proportion of HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) ranges from 16% to 52%, but the prevalence appears to be increasing [ 64 ].…”

Heart Failure—Do We Need New Drugs or Have Them Already? A Case of Coenzyme Q10

“…Heart failure (HF) is a very common disease in the world and has been defined as a global pandemic [ 1 ]. Globally, HF occurs in about 1–3% of the adult population (1–20 cases/1000 people) [ 2 ]. A study by Bragazzi et al, covering data from 195 countries and territories in 1990–2017, showed that the global number of HF cases in 2017 was 64.3 million (95% UI: 57.2–71.6), of whom 29.5 million (95% UI: 26.3–32.9) were males and 34.8 million (95% UI: 30.9–39.1) were females.…”

Optimizing Therapies in Heart Failure: The Role of Potassium Binders

“…Globally, heart failure (HF) affects approximately 23 million people worldwide including more than 15 million people in Europe [ 1 ]. Statistics have revealed a prevalence rate of 1–3% in the general adult population and an incidence equal to 1–20 cases per 1000 person-years, and mortality ranging from 2 to 3% at 30 days from hospital discharge and from 50 to 75% at five-year follow-up [ 2 ].…”