Global burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a cross-sectional analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Karimkhani, Chanté; Wanga, Valentine; Coffeng, Luc E.; Naghavi, Paria; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Naghavi, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00003-7

Cited by 113 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…CLS may hinder treatment seeking through fear or shame to be seen in public places or because of social exclusion that may result in the disease getting worse, increase transmission and make it difficult to trace patients [ 27].…”

Section: Implications Upon Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Al-Kamel¹

2017

Our Dermatol Online

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Section: Implications Upon Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yemen republic is high endemic for the neglected, deadly flesh-eating leishmaniasis disease that affects predominantly poor rural women and children [13]; it is one of the nine countries that had significantly greater DALYs from CL than the mean [27].…”

Section: Situation In Yemen: Image Action and Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Al-Kamel¹

2017

Our Dermatol Online

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“…The authors of that study stated that the CL burden calculated in this way did not differ significantly in terms of age in the same geographic region, probably because this approach does not take into account the social stigma, or the emotional or financial impact of CL [15]. However, as also demonstrated in the case of lymphatic filariasis, the disabling or disfiguring sequelae of some neglected tropical diseases can have a substantial impact on mental health [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial impact of scars due to cutaneous leishmaniasis on high school students in Errachidia province, Morocco

et al. 2017

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BackgroundIn Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is usually known to be a slowly healing localized skin disease, but in some cases, it can lead to mutilating scars. The outbreak of CL due to Leishmania major in the Errachidia province in southeastern Morocco between 2008 and 2010 left many adolescents with permanent scar tissue on the face or other exposed body parts. We studied the psychosocial impact of CL on these young people.MethodsIn 2015 we conducted a cross-sectional survey among high-school students living in boarding schools in two CL-endemic areas of Errachidia: Rissani and Tinejdad. A self-administered questionnaire elicited responses about general knowledge of CL and related scars. An open-ended question focused on the possible psychosocial effects associated with these scars. The quantitative data were analyzed with Epi Info™ and the text data with NVivo software.ResultsAlmost 20% of 448 respondents reported they had experienced a CL lesion and 87% said it could possibly or definitely lead to psychological consequences. The text analysis showed that girls more often than boys expanded on the negative psychological effects of CL. The students considered CL as “dangerous”, “serious”, and “deathly”, and said it sometimes led to extreme suicidal ideations.ConclusionsThe burden of CL in this age group is not negligible. The indelible CL scars lead to self-stigma and social stigma, and the emergence of negative psychological effects in this age group. While some students accepted their CL scars and related suffering as their “destiny”, others were eagerly demanding protective measures against CL and treatment for the scars.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0267-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors has one of the largest diseases burden among the neglected tropical diseases [1,2]. These infections cause a broad clinical spectrum including cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral forms with variable severity, depending on the parasite species and the host immune status [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of Leishmania major infection

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSand fly saliva compounds are able to elicit specific immune responses that have a significant role in Leishmania parasite establishment and disease outcome. Characterizing anti-saliva immune responses in individuals living in well defined leishmaniasis endemic areas would provide valuable insights regarding their effect on parasite transmission and establishment in humans.Methodology/Principal findingsWe explored the cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus (P.) papatasi salivary gland extracts (SGE) in individuals living in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) old or emerging foci (OF, EF). OF was characterized by a higher infection prevalence as assessed by higher proportions of leishmanin skin test (LST) positive individuals compared to EF. Subjects were further subdivided into healed, asymptomatic or naïve groups. We showed anti-SGE proliferation in less than 30% of the individuals, regardless of the immune status, in both foci. IFN-γ production was higher in OF and only observed in immune individuals from OF and naïve subjects from EF. Although IL-10 was not detected, addition of anti-human IL-10 antibodies revealed an increase in proliferation and IFN-γ production only in individuals from OF. The percentage of seropositive individuals was similar in immune and naïves groups but was significantly higher in OF. No correlation was observed between anti-saliva immune responses and LST response. High anti-SGE-IgG responses were associated with an increased risk of developing ZCL. No differences were observed for anti-SGE humoral or cellular responses among naïve individuals who converted or not their LST response or developed or not ZCL after the transmission season.Conclusions/SignificanceThese data suggest that individuals living in an old focus characterized by a frequent exposure to sand fly bites and a high prevalence of infection, develop higher anti-saliva IgG responses and IFN-γ levels and a skew towards a Th2-type cellular response, probably in favor of parasite establishment, compared to those living in an emerging focus.

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Global burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a cross-sectional analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Cited by 113 publications

References 22 publications

Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Psychosocial impact of scars due to cutaneous leishmaniasis on high school students in Errachidia province, Morocco

Human cellular and humoral immune responses to Phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland antigens in endemic areas differing in prevalence of Leishmania major infection

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