Global burden and trends of rotavirus infection-associated deaths from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study

Abstract

Background Rotavirus is the leading global pathogen of diarrhea-associated mortality and poses a great threat to public health in all age groups. This study aimed to explore the global burden and 30-year change patterns of rotavirus infection-associated deaths. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study (GBD 2019), we analyzed the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of rotavirus infection by sex, geographical region, and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. A Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the global trends in rotavirus infection over the 30 years, SaTScan software was used to detect the spatial and temporal aggregations, and a generalized linear model to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and death rates of rotavirus infection. Results Globally, rotavirus infection was the leading cause of diarrheal deaths, accounting for 19.11% of deaths from diarrhea in 2019. Rotavirus caused a higher death burden in African, Oceanian, and South Asian countries in the past three decades. The ASDR of rotavirus declined from 11.39 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 5.46–19.48) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 3.41 (95% UI 1.60–6.01) per 100,000 people in 2019, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) (− 4.07%, P < 0.05). However, a significant uptrend was found in high-income North America (AAPC = 1.79%, P < 0.05). The death rate was the highest among children under 5 years worldwide. However, the death rates of elderly individuals over 70 years were higher than those of children under 5 years in 2019 among high, high-middle, middle, and low-middle SDI regions. Current health expenditure, gross domestic product per capita, and the number of physicians per 1000 people were significantly negatively correlated with death rates of rotavirus. Conclusions Although the global trends in the rotavirus burden have decreased substantially over the past three decades, the burden of rotavirus remained high in Africa, Oceania, and South Asia. Children under 5 years and elderly individuals over 70 years were the populations most at risk for rotavirus infection-associated deaths, especially elderly individuals over 70 years in relatively high SDI regions. More attention should be paid to these areas and populations, and effective public health policies should be implemented in the future.

Novel mRNA-based VP8* vaccines against rotavirus are highly immunogenic in rodents

“…29.534747 doi: bioRxiv preprint clinical development. This trivalent formulation induced robust IgG and neutralizing responses to P [8], P [6] and P [4] rotaviruses in humans 19 .…”

“…The vaccines include optimized non-coding regions that have previously been shown to greatly improve the immunogenicity and/or protective efficacy of an unmodified mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice 32 , rats 33 and non-human primates 34 . The first mRNA vaccine candidate (P2-VP8*) encodes an equivalent design of the protein vaccine P2-VP8*, with differences in the underlying rotavirus P [8], P [6] and P [4] isolates. The second mRNA vaccine candidate (LS-P2-VP8*) encodes a multimerization domain derived from Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase (LS) 35 fused to P2-VP8*.…”

Changing Parental Attitudes Towards Rotavirus Vaccine

“…The most common cause of severe diarrhea in young children around the world is rotavirus infection. According to statistics, rotavirus-related infections cause an average of 1600 child deaths annually, making them the second most common cause of mortality in children under five years old that can be prevented by vaccination after pneumococcal pneumonia [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…While rotavirus infection is the predominant cause of morbidity in developed countries, it is also a significant cause of mortality for children under the age of five in underdeveloped countries [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Rotavirus is responsible for 10%-20% of severe diarrhea cases and 25%-55% of cases that necessitate hospital admission globally [3][4][5].…”

“…Rotavirus is responsible for 10%-20% of severe diarrhea cases and 25%-55% of cases that necessitate hospital admission globally [3][4][5]. More than 80% of rotavirus-related deaths take place in underdeveloped nations, typically in Southeast Asia and Africa [3][4][5][6].…”