Global biogeography, cryptic species and systematic issues in the shrimp genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814 (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) by multimarker analyses

Abstract

Hippolyte is a genus of small bodied marine shrimps, with a global distribution. Here, we studied the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships amongst the species of this genus with two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers, using Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood, genetic divergence, molecular clock and S-DIVA. In addition, the Indo-West Pacific genus Alcyonohippolyte was included. Based on sequences from 57 specimens of 27 species, we recovered a robust biogeographic scenario that shows the Indo-West Pacific as the probable ancestral area of the genus Hippolyte, which emerged in the Paleocene, followed by dispersal in three general directions: (1) South Pacific, (2) eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea and (3) Americas, the latter with a primary colonization in the eastern Pacific followed by a radiation into the western Atlantic. Our analysis reveals that the species of the H. ventricosa group do not constitute a monophyletic group and Alcyonohippolyte does not constitute a reciprocally monophyletic group to Hippolyte, with both genera herein synonimised. The relationships and systematic status of several transisthmian and Atlantic species are clarified.

Two new species of Hippolyte from the Tropical Central and East Atlantic (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea)

“…The genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814[in Leach, 1813-1814 comprises 35 species worldwide (De Grave & Fransen 2011, Terossi et al 2017, Gan & Li 2017a. In the temperate to tropical north-eastern Atlantic (including the Mediterranean), the genus is represented by 13 species (d'Udekem d'Acoz 1996, 2007: H. coerulescens (Fabricius, 1775), H. garciarasoi d 'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996, H. holthuisi Zariquey Álvarez, 1953, H. inermis Leach, 1815, H. lagarderei d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1995 (Heller, 1863), H. leptometrae Ledoyer, 1969, H. longiallex d'Udekem d'Acoz, 2007, H. niezabitowskii d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996, H. palliola Kensley, 1970, H. prideauxiana Leach, 1817, H. sapphica d'Udekem d'Acoz, 1993, and H. varians Leach, 1814.…”

“…The new species thus clearly seems allied to H. varians and H. holthuisi, as already stated by d 'Udekem d'Acoz (2007). The morphological differences between H. holthuisi and H. varians are both slight and geographically variable (d'Udekem d'Acoz 1996, 2007, García-Raso et al 1998, but whilst both taxa have previously been considered to be the same species (d'Udekem d'Acoz 1996), they are clearly genetically distinct (Terossi et al 2017). Hippolyte cedrici sp.…”

Peer Review #1 of "Recognizing two new Hippolyte species (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae) from the South China Sea based on integrative taxonomy (v0.1)"

“…Most Hippolyte species inhabit seaweed beds, but some are obligate or facultative symbionts of other organisms, such as gorgonians and crinoids (D'Udekem d'Acoz, 2007;Marin et al, 2011). The taxonomy, phylogeny, and biology of Hippolyte taxa have attracted considerable attention in recent years (Manjón-Cabeza et al, 2011;Marin et al, 2011;Terossi & Mantelatto, 2012;Liasko et al, 2015;Gan & Li, 2017a;2017b;Liasko et al, 2017;Terossi et al, 2017). Currently, a total of 35 valid species are recognized worldwide (D'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996;2007;De Grave & Fransen, 2011;Marin et al, 2011;Gan & Li, 2017a, 2017bTerossi et al, 2017), of which about 12 species occur in the Indo-West Pacific region.…”

“…Currently, a total of 35 valid species are recognized worldwide (D'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996;2007;De Grave & Fransen, 2011;Marin et al, 2011;Gan & Li, 2017a, 2017bTerossi et al, 2017), of which about 12 species occur in the Indo-West Pacific region. Additional unnamed and cryptic species have been reported (Hayashi, 1986;D'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996;2007;Terossi et al, 2017).…”

“…D from Madagascar (D'Udekem d'Acoz, 1996;Gan & Li, 2017a, 2017b. Genetic analysis (Terossi et al, 2017) has also recently detected four cryptic or pseudocryptic species referred to: H. ventricosa group-sp. 1 and sp.…”