Global and regional prevalence of disabilities among children and adolescents: Analysis of findings from global health databases

Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Kancherla, Vijaya; Shaheen, Amira; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Davis, Adrian

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.977453

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is estimated that over 15% of the world’s population—with up to 190 million (3.8%) of this specific demographic who are aged 15 and older experiencing serious functional challenges—frequently require health care facilities [ 2 ]. On the basis of household surveys carried out on child functional status, the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) estimated that 28.9 million (4.3%) 0–4-year-olds, 207.4 million (12.5%) 5–17-year-olds, and 236.4 million (10%) 0–17-year-olds had moderate-to-severe impairments [ 3 ]. On the other hand, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 reported estimates of 49.8 million (7.5%) children who were less than 5 years old, 241.5 million (12.6%) children between 5–19 years, and 291.3 million (11.3%) children younger than 20 years old to all have mild-to-severe impairments [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Oral health is a likely source of health inequalities in children with special health care needs (CSHCN), according to multiple studies. This systematic review aimed to explore the evidence of family influence—as well as family features, such as societal variables and parents’ perspectives—on these children’s dental caries status. Embase, Ebsco, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were all searched. All cross-sectional research published on the variables of family impact ranging from 2010 to 2021 were considered. The DMFT and dmft index was utilised for the report data of dental caries, whereas the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) was used for the purposes of assessing quality. Of the 3861 records identified, 14 were eligible. Further, most of the studies had a caries prevalence of over 50%, (p-value < 0.005). Family influences imparted a significant relationship and association towards the dental caries status of the demographic being studied. The influences on the children included tooth brushing behaviour, parents’ education level, parents’ occupation level, diet pattern, dental visit, snacking frequency, parents’ psychological status, family size, and parents’ knowledge towards oral health. Future research should further explore the family functioning domains, specifically among the CSHCN population. This study was registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42021274923.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…These women, children and families lack healthcare access and are more vulnerable to toxic stressors beginning before conception. Data from the National Health Interview Survey reported increasing prevalence of DD among US children aged 3–17 years between 2009–2017 [ 79 ], following similar worldwide trends as reported using functional or statistical models in LMIC [ 80 ]. Increasing numbers of children with DD emphasize the need for a bio-social model of care that advocates for healthcare beginning before the first 1000 days for the most vulnerable women and children in both LMIC and HICMD.…”

Section: Healthcare Delivery For Children With Ddmentioning

confidence: 80%

A Bio-Social Model during the First 1000 Days Optimizes Healthcare for Children with Developmental Disabilities

Scher

2022

Biomedicines

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Most children with developmental disabilities (DD) live in resource-limited countries (LMIC) or high-income country medical deserts (HICMD). A social contract between healthcare providers and families advocates for accurate diagnoses and effective interventions to treat diseases and toxic stressors. This bio-social model emphasizes reproductive health of women with trimester-specific maternal and pediatric healthcare interactions. Lifelong neuronal connectivity is more likely established across 80% of brain circuitries during the first 1000 days. Maladaptive gene-environment (G x E) interactions begin before conception later presenting as maternal-placental-fetal (MPF) triad, neonatal, or childhood neurologic disorders. Synergy between obstetrical and pediatric healthcare providers can reduce neurologic morbidities. Partnerships between healthcare providers and families should begin during the first 1000 days to address diseases more effectively to moderate maternal and childhood adverse effects. This bio-social model lowers the incidence and lessens the severity of sequalae such as DD. Access to genetic-metabolomic, neurophysiologic and neuroimaging evaluations enhances clinical decision-making for more effective interventions before full expression of neurologic dysfunction. Diagnostic accuracy facilitates developmental interventions for effective preschool planning. A description of a mother-child pair in a HIC emphasizes the time-sensitive importance for early interventions that influenced brain health throughout childhood. Partnership by her parents with healthcare providers and educators provided effective healthcare and lessened adverse effects. Effective educational interventions were later offered through her high school graduation. Healthcare disparities in LMIC and HICMD require that this bio-social model of care begin before the first 1000 days to effectively treat the most vulnerable women and children. Prioritizing family planning followed by prenatal, neonatal and child healthcare improves wellness and brain health. Familiarity with educational neuroscience for teachers applies neurologic diagnoses for effective individual educational plans. Integrating diversity and inclusion into medical and educational services cross socioeconomic, ethnic, racial, and cultural barriers with life-course benefits. Families require knowledge to recognize risks for their children and motivation to sustain relationships with providers and educators for optimal outcomes. The WHO sustainable development goals promote brain health before conception through the first 1000 days. Improved education, employment, and social engagement for all persons will have intergenerational and transgenerational benefits for communities and nations.

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“…The GBD Study from IHME ( https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ ) is presently the only global health database that provides global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of specific disabilities among children and adolescents according to the American Psychiatric Association's (APA's) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ( 17 ), or WHO's International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes ( 18 ). The selection of specific disabilities for our umbrella review was therefore guided by those typically reported by GBD database to facilitate appropriate comparability ( 3 ). These disabilities include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (or simply “autism” hereinafter), cerebral palsy, developmental intellectual disability, epilepsy, hearing loss and vision loss.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are widely embraced, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as the priority global agenda for improving population health and well-being by 2030 ( 1 ). The disability-inclusive provisions of the SDGs have stimulated a growing interest in children and adolescents (hereinafter reported as “children”) with developmental disabilities globally ( 2 , 3 ). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) defines persons with disabilities to include “those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others” ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We, therefore, set out to conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the prevalence estimates of developmental disabilities for comparison with estimates from other sources of population data in global health. The primary goal of this umbrella review was to provide a narrative synthesis of the selected reviews due to well-documented differences in the methodological approaches to disability measurement ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global prevalence of developmental disabilities in children and adolescents: A systematic umbrella review

Olusanya

Smythe

Ogbo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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AimThe provisions of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for disability-inclusive education have stimulated a growing interest in ascertaining the prevalence of children with developmental disabilities globally. We aimed to systematically summarize the prevalence estimates of developmental disabilities in children and adolescents reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.MethodsFor this umbrella review we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library for systematic reviews published in English between September 2015 and August 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted the data, and assessed risk of bias. We reported the proportion of the global prevalence estimates attributed to country income levels for specific developmental disabilities. Prevalence estimates for the selected disabilities were compared with those reported in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019.ResultsBased on our inclusion criteria, 10 systematic reviews reporting prevalence estimates for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental intellectual disability, epilepsy, hearing loss, vision loss and developmental dyslexia were selected from 3,456 identified articles. Global prevalence estimates were derived from cohorts in high-income countries in all cases except epilepsy and were calculated from nine to 56 countries. Sensory impairments were the most prevalent disabilities (approximately 13%) and cerebral palsy was the least prevalent disability (approximately 0.2–0.3%) based on the eligible reviews. Pooled estimates for geographical regions were available for vision loss and developmental dyslexia. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. GBD prevalence estimates were lower for all disabilities except cerebral palsy and intellectual disability.ConclusionAvailable estimates from systematic reviews and meta-analyses do not provide representative evidence on the global and regional prevalence of developmental disabilities among children and adolescents due to limited geographical coverage and substantial heterogeneity in methodology across studies. Population-based data for all regions using other approaches such as reported in the GBD Study are warranted to inform global health policy and intervention.

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Global and regional prevalence of disabilities among children and adolescents: Analysis of findings from global health databases

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review

Family Influences on the Dental Caries Status of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Systematic Review

A Bio-Social Model during the First 1000 Days Optimizes Healthcare for Children with Developmental Disabilities

Global prevalence of developmental disabilities in children and adolescents: A systematic umbrella review

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