Global analysis of the protection status of the world’s forests

Schmitt, Christine B.; Burgess, Neil D.; Coad, Lauren; Belokurov, Alexander; Besançon, Charles; Boisrobert, Lauriane; Campbell, Alison; Fish, Lucy; Gliddon, Derek; Humphries, Kate; Kapos, Valerie; Lysenko, Igor; Miles, Lera; Mills, Craig; Pistorius, Till; Ravilious, Corinna; Steininger, Marc K.; Winkel, Georg

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.012

Cited by 269 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our study underlines the conservation importance of lowland forests because they contain floristic associations that are unique and among the most threatened in SoutheastAsia. In Borneo, only a fraction of the identified lowland forest types are protected (35). Moreover, they are mostly excluded from the Heart of Borneo program, which is especially focused on hill and montane forests.…”

Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Slik

Aiba

Bastian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The marked biogeographic difference between western (Malay Peninsula and Sumatra) and eastern (Borneo) Sundaland is surprising given the long time that these areas have formed a single landmass. A dispersal barrier in the form of a dry savanna corridor during glacial maxima has been proposed to explain this disparity. However, the short duration of these dry savanna conditions make it an unlikely sole cause for the biogeographic pattern. An additional explanation might be related to the coarse sandy soils of central Sundaland. To test these two nonexclusive hypotheses, we performed a floristic cluster analysis based on 111 tree inventories from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. We then identified the indicator genera for clusters that crossed the central Sundaland biogeographic boundary and those that did not cross and tested whether drought and coarse-soil tolerance of the indicator genera differed between them. We found 11 terminal floristic clusters, 10 occurring in Borneo, 5 in Sumatra, and 3 in Peninsular Malaysia. Indicator taxa of clusters that occurred across Sundaland had significantly higher coarse-soil tolerance than did those from clusters that occurred east or west of central Sundaland. For drought tolerance, no such pattern was detected. These results strongly suggest that exposed sandy sea-bed soils acted as a dispersal barrier in central Sundaland. However, we could not confirm the presence of a savanna corridor. This finding makes it clear that proposed biogeographic explanations for plant and animal distributions within Sundaland, including possible migration routes for early humans, need to be reevaluated.climate change | human migration | plant distribution | sea-level change

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Section: Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Slik

Aiba

Bastian

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…According to a recent global analysis, 7.7% of the global forest area is designated to conservation in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classes IÁIV (Schmitt et al, 2009). This is considered to be insufficient to protect forest biodiversity, and especially so in regions that fall below the global average.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Gustafsson

Kouki

Sverdrup‐Thygeson

2010

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

206

123

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Since the mid-1990s, it has been common practice to leave trees for biodiversity purposes when clear-cutting in Finland, Norway and Sweden, and regulations for such tree retention are today included in national legislation and certification standards. Peer-reviewed research publications on tree retention from studies performed in the three countries were analyzed and about 50 relevant biodiversity studies were found, with the first published in 1994. Most studies were directed towards beetles and dead wood, especially high stumps. General conclusions were that retention trees (1) provide some of the substrate types required by early-successional species, (2) alleviate the most serious consequences of clear-cutting on biota, and (3) cannot maintain characteristics of intact mature forests. Larger volumes and more trees tend to maintain diversity better. There is a particular lack of studies on dispersal, landscape effects and long-term dynamics. There is a need to study further the relationship between the biota and the amount of trees, as well as their spatial arrangement. Retention trees should preferably be evaluated in relation to other components in multiscaled conservation, including woodland key habitats and larger protected areas.

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“…Hutan konservasi juga menyimpan lebih dari 312 gigaton karbon (GtC) (Campbell dkk. 2008), sekitar 15% cadangan karbon bumi, dan merupakan 13,5% hutan dunia (Schmitt dkk. 2009).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Mewujudkan REDD+: strategi nasional dan berbagai pilihan kebijakan

Angelsen¹,

Brockhaus²,

Kanninen³

et al. 2010

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Global analysis of the protection status of the world’s forests

Cited by 269 publications

References 31 publications

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia

Tree retention as a conservation measure in clear-cut forests of northern Europe: a review of ecological consequences

Mewujudkan REDD+: strategi nasional dan berbagai pilihan kebijakan

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