“…Conversely, most non-genetic sources are due to macro-environmental fluctuations resulting from resource availability during crop lifetime (Shelford, 1931). Despite this unfolded division, the effect of the environment on shaping gene expression (e.g., Plessis et al, 2015;Jończyk et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2020) and fine-tuning epigenetic factors (Varotto et al, 2020;Vendramin et al, 2020) creates an indissoluble envirotype-phenotype covariance in the phenotypic records (Lynch and Walsh, 1998). Thus, for any genotype-phenotype association study across multiple environments (e.g., mapping quantitative trait loci, QLT; genomic association studies, GWAS), there is a strong non-genetic influence that can be better understood using envirotypingbased data, i.e., a foundation of multiple techniques to collect, process, and integrate environmental information in genetic and genomic studies, Costa-Neto et al (2020a).…”