Global analysis of gene expression profiles in ileum in a rat bladder augmentation model using cDNA microarrays

Abstract

Background : The objective of the present study was to globally characterize the changes in the gene expression profile in the ileum after long-term urine exposure in a rat ileal augmented bladder model using cDNA microarrays. Methods : Bladder augmentation using the ileum was performed in female 8-week-old rats. The ileal epithelia used for bladder augmentation were harvested 1 and 3 months postoperatively and changes in the gene expression in these tissues were compared with that of intact ileal epithelia from shamoperated rats using cDNA microarrays consisting of 1176 rat genes.Results : Marked changes in gene expression in the ileum used for bladder augmentation were observed for 30 genes (16 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated genes). The differentially expressed genes include those associated with signal transduction, cell adhesion and stress response. Subsequent evaluation of changes in two randomly selected genes from the 30 differentially expressed genes by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the reliability of the present cDNA microarray analyses. Conclusion : The present experiments identified an extensive list of genes differentially expressed in the ileum after bladder augmentation, providing valuable information for the pathophysiological assessment of patients who undergo urinary reconstruction and representing a source of novel targets for treating complications after urinary diversion.

Use of gene expression profiling to direct in vivo molecular imaging of lung cancer

“…Remarkably, cathepsin B has consistently been shown to be an independent prognostic factor of poor outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (20), colorectal cancer (21), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (14,22), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (23). Recently, cathepsin B was also found to be a predictor of prostate cancer that extends beyond the prostate gland (24). Many human lung adenocarcinomas also have been found to overexpress cathepsin H (15,25).…”

Identification of novel aptamers targeting cathepsin B-overexpressing prostate cancer cells

“…Moreover, CatB levels correlated with disease extension as they were higher in patients with metastasis, as opposed to those without advanced disease. 4 In another study, high CatB levels were associated with shorter survival of colorectal cancer patients. 5 Similar conclusions have been reached in studies conducted for other types of cancer, such as bladder, 6 lung, 7 liver, 8 breast, 9 and mouth 10 cancers.…”

Enzyme-Specific Doxorubicin Drug Beacon as Drug-Resistant Theranostic Molecular Probes

“…This FRET-based concept has been extensively used to construct molecular beacons for sensing of DNA, RNA, and other biomolecules. − Third, the tetrapeptide −GFLG–, a well-established cathepsin B (CatB) substrate, , was used as the cleavable linker to bridge the drug to the BHQ-2 quencher through a lysine junction, modulating the release of Dox while serving as a CatB sensor. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal protease known to be overexpressed in many types of cancer. − Finally, octa-arginine (R8), a well-studied cell penetrating peptide (CPP) sequence, was used to assist in the effective cellular internalization . All the molecules studied here were synthesized using a combined automatic and manual solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method as reported previously .…”