Global analysis of gene expression patterns during disuse atrophy in rat skeletal muscle

Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum abnormalities in cancer cachexia: Altered energetic efficiency?

“…It may thus be suggested that SERCA, in particular SERCA1, could be involved in the energetic inefficiency that characterizes the cachectic condition [10]. In fact, upregulation of SERCA1 in skeletal muscle has been described in disuse atrophy [31]. It is also very interesting to remark that ATP consumption by SERCA pumps accounts for 50% of resting metabolic rate in mice [32].…”

Effect of Simulated Microgravity on the Activity of Regulatory Enzymes of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis in Mice Liver

“…Our results also provide evidence, that the increased glucose availability is because of more gluconeogenesis and probably this is because of more precursors (amino acids) are available due to decreased needs of disused muscle. The previous study showed that the up regulation of glycolytic genes in disused soleus muscle preceded most of the myosin fiber type changes (Stevenson et al 2003). Lactate levels and LDH activity are increased in atrophied muscle (Stevenson et al 2003 andFitts et al 2001).…”

“…The previous study showed that the up regulation of glycolytic genes in disused soleus muscle preceded most of the myosin fiber type changes (Stevenson et al 2003). Lactate levels and LDH activity are increased in atrophied muscle (Stevenson et al 2003 andFitts et al 2001). Probably lactate formed in muscle enters liver and increased concentration of lactate inhibits the activity of LDH in liver.…”

Nutritional strategies to counteract muscle atrophy caused by disuse and to improve recovery

“…Calpains are proteases involved in the early steps of disassembly of sarcomeric proteins (22,34,35) . The role of the calpain pathway in response to immobilisation was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro (12,26,36) and confirmed in mice by using inhibitors of calpain activity which prevented sarcomere structure disruption (37) . In healthy volunteers submitted to limb immobilisation, an early (24 h) increase of mRNA coding for calpains-1 and -2 has been observed (15) .…”

“…It has been postulated that this oxidative stress may play an important role in the process of muscle atrophy during disuse (75) . Even if its origin remains to be clearly determined (110) , one of the possible mechanisms could be a decreased production of endogenous antioxidant defences in response to immobilisation (12,111 -113) , due to the decrease in protein synthesis associated with muscle atrophy (12,114) . In rodents, immobilised muscles exhibit either a decrease (101,115) or an increase (30) in muscle glutathione concentration.…”