Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors Contributing to the Recent Increase in Food Commodity Prices

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doi:10.2172/1218372

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Wheat, maize, and soybean crops cover most of the US cropland, and despite the hundreds of other crops that are grown in the United States, it is not possible to create much more diverse cropping systems unless the area planted with these three dominant commodities decreases drastically. This would require major changes in the food system that would be rather costly in the short term (44). Our analysis suggests that an important approach to increasing farm-scale crop diversity is to provide financial incentives and improved technology for the production of smaller crops such that it becomes more attractive to bring them into rotation with maize, soybean, and/or wheat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity

Merlos

Hijmans

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Increasing crop species diversity can enhance agricultural sustainability, but the scale dependency of the processes that shape diversity and of the effects of diversity on agroecosystems is insufficiently understood. We used 30 m spatial resolution crop classification data for the conterminous United States to analyze spatial and temporal crop species diversity and their relationship. We found that the US average temporal (crop rotation) diversity is 2.1 effective number of species and that a crop’s average temporal diversity is lowest for common crops. Spatial diversity monotonically increases with the size of the unit of observation, and it is most strongly associated with temporal diversity when measured for areas of 100 to 400 ha, which is the typical US farm size. The association between diversity in space and time weakens as data are aggregated over larger areas because of the increasing diversity among farms, but at intermediate aggregation levels (counties) it is possible to estimate temporal diversity and farm-scale spatial diversity from aggregated spatial crop diversity data if the effect of beta diversity is considered. For larger areas, the diversity among farms is usually much greater than the diversity within them, and this needs to be considered when analyzing large-area crop diversity data. US agriculture is dominated by a few major annual crops (maize, soybean, wheat) that are mostly grown on fields with a very low temporal diversity. To increase crop species diversity, currently minor crops would have to increase in area at the expense of these major crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity

Merlos

Hijmans

2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Este rasgo es todavía más visible -excluyendo los últimos meses de 2009, en los que hubo indicios de deflación, incluso en las frutas y 2 Según el USDA (citado por Trostle, 2008), entre los factores de oferta que han favorecido la tendencia creciente en los precios internacionales de las commodities están: entre 1997 y 2005, el lento crecimiento de la producción agraria; entre 2002-2008, escalada hortalizas-, cuando se constata la tendencia alcista del IPC registrada en los productos de alimentación en fresco en años recientes. Pero, como ya se ha mencionado, estos incrementos en el eslabón final de la cadena no responden a incrementos de los precios en origen.…”

Section: El Problemaunclassified

“…2011a, 2011b). Tal y como ha señalado un estudio del USDA (Trostle, 2008), algunos factores que explicarían tal comportamiento podrían ser el aumento de la productividades. Esto habría contribuido globalmente más al aumento de la producción que a la expansión de la superficie cultivada, además de otros factores como la tendencia creciente desde 2002 en los precios del petróleo (en tanto insumo agrícola), así como de los costes de las explotaciones, en general; las adversidades del clima, particularmente severas desde 2006, entre otros (Trostle, 2008).…”

Section: El Sector Europeo De Las Frutas Y Hortalizas En Cifras 421 S...unclassified

“…El impacto de estas tendencias se ha traducido en un lento crecimiento de la producción, al tiempo que se registra un fortalecimiento de su demanda. De esta manera, el apretado equilibrio resultante en ambas fuerzas ha presionado al alza los precios internacionales agrícolas (Trostle, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Entre los factores de oferta destacan el lento crecimiento de la producción agraria, los episodios de aumentos de precios del petróleo, el incremento de los costes de producción de las explotaciones, adversidades climatológicas y políticas adoptadas por países importadores. Por su parte, entre los factores de demanda están el crecimiento poblacional, el crecimiento económico y el aumento del consumo per cápita de carnes, la reducción de inventarios de commodities alimentarios y la devaluación del dólar en períodos específicos, la rápida expansión de los biocombustibles, las compras agresivas e importaciones y las políticas adoptadas por los países importadores (USDA, citado por Trostle, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Evaluación de las organizaciones de productores de frutas y hortalizas en el marco de la Organización Común de Mercados. El caso de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Rivas¹,

Daniel²

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xiv phases (Chapters 1 to 5) are predominantly descriptive, while the last phase (Chapter 6) is mainly empirical. Secondary sources of information were used, including bibliographic, periodical, and economic-financial (accounting). The main findings point out that at the EU level there is still a strong concentration of power in the retail sector, although it has increased the turnovers marketed by FVPOs. Meanwhile, for the case of Spain there is a slight downward trend in the number of recognized POs although they have increased their importance in their turnovers. Finally, in the Valencian Community the number of FVPOs has increased (7% more than in 2006, although it tends to stabilize) and some of it in their dimension, while they had consolidated their export orientation, and also with signs of a slight trend towards concentration in the F&V sector. The envelopment analysis model and the estimated production function for the FVPOs sample of the Valencian Community concluded that it is possible to improve their performance if FVPOs use more efficiently their inputs, among them, operating funds.

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Adam Smith in a warmer world: climate change, multilateral trade and national food security

Crump¹

2014

Prometheus

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Market efficiency is essential in a world of scarce resources, but it is a secondary concern if human survival depends on a market that can provide reliable agricultural supply. For example, the projected increase in the frequency, magnitude and severity of extreme weather events (as increasing CO2 emissions make the world warmer) has profound implications for the reliability of the multilateral agricultural market. Market reliability is assumed to be embedded in supply and demand price transmission, although this assumption may not hold in a changing climate. This paper examines these concerns and makes recommendations to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and to leaders of national governments about rethinking the balance between interdependence on a multilateral agricultural market and national independence (not self-sufficiency) based on development of multiple food delivery systems to protect against periodic agricultural price shocks. Once established, via the WTO Doha round, a non-distorted multilateral agriculture market will become the primary global food security system, but national governments may also wish to examine a range of secondary food security systems.

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Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors Contributing to the Recent Increase in Food Commodity Prices

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity

The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity

Evaluación de las organizaciones de productores de frutas y hortalizas en el marco de la Organización Común de Mercados. El caso de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Adam Smith in a warmer world: climate change, multilateral trade and national food security

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