Gliomas and Farm Pesticide Exposure in Men: The Upper Midwest Health Study

Ruder, Avima M.; Waters, Martha A.; Butler, Mary Ann; Carreón, Tania; Calvert, Geoffrey M.; Davis-King, Karen E.; Schulte, Paul A.; Sanderson, Wayne T.; Ward, Elizabeth; Connally, L. Barbara; Heineman, Ellen F.; Mandel, Jeffrey S.; Morton, Roscoe F.; Reding, Douglas J.; Rosenman, Kenneth D.; Talaska, Glenn

doi:10.1080/00039890409602949

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A hospital-based case–control study in northeast China found statistically significant increased risk of glioma among those with occupational exposures to microwaves or to pesticides [Hu et al, 1998], while to date we have seen no association between pesticides and glioma in our study population [Ruder et al, 2004; Carreón et al, 2005; Yiin et al, 2012]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Upper Midwest Health Study: Industry and occupation of glioma cases and controls

Ruder

Waters

Carreón

et al. 2012

American J Industrial Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Understanding glioma etiology requires determining which environmental factors are associated with glioma. Upper Midwest Health Study case–control participant work histories collected 1995–1998 were evaluated for occupational associations with glioma. “Exposures of interest” from our study protocol comprise our a priori hypotheses. Materials and Methods Year-long or longer jobs for 1,973 participants were assigned Standard Occupational Classifications (SOC) and Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC). The analysis file includes 8,078 SIC- and SOC-coded jobs. For each individual, SAS 9.2 programs collated employment with identical SIC-SOC coding. Distributions of longest “total employment duration” (total years worked in jobs with identical industry and occupation codes, including multiple jobs, and non-consecutive jobs) were compared between cases and controls, using an industrial hygiene algorithm to group occupations. Results Longest employment duration was calculated for 780 cases and 1,156 controls. More case than control longest total employment duration was in the “engineer, architect” occupational group [16 cases, 10 controls, odds ratio (OR) 2.50, adjusted for age group, sex, age and education, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–5.60]. Employment as a food processing worker [mostly butchers and meat cutters] was of borderline significance (27 cases, 21 controls, adjusted OR: 1.78, CI: 0.99–3.18). Conclusions Among our exposures of interest work as engineers or as butchers and meat cutters was associated with increased glioma risk. Significant associations could be due to chance, because of multiple comparisons, but similar findings have been reported for other glioma studies. Our results suggest some possible associations but by themselves could not provide conclusive evidence.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The main focus of the study was farming and associated rural risk factors [Ruder et al, 2004, 2006, 2009b; Carreón et al, 2005]. The four study states—Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin—have large farm populations and higher than average brain cancer incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Upper Midwest Health Study: Industry and occupation of glioma cases and controls

Ruder

Waters

Carreón

et al. 2012

American J Industrial Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Statistically, age was the most significant difference ( p <0.0001) between the San Francisco population (mean±standard deviation = 58±12) and the Midwest population (52±13), which might have contributed to inconsistent findings from these cohorts. Environmental factors, including those related to farming [26], [31], could further distinguish the Midwest cohort from the San Francisco cohort. Minor genetic heterogeneity can also offer some alternative explanations, because the frequencies of several HLA-B and HLA-C alleles differed between the two study populations ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Epidemiology of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Confirmatory and New Findings from Analyses of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles and Motifs

Song

Ruder

et al. 2009

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes mediate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and natural killer cell function. In a previous study, several HLA-B and HLA-C alleles and haplotypes were positively or negatively associated with the occurrence and prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).Methodology/Principal FindingsAs an extension of the Upper Midwest Health Study, we have performed HLA genotyping for 149 GBM patients and 149 healthy control subjects from a non-metropolitan population consisting almost exclusively of European Americans. Conditional logistic regression models did not reproduce the association of HLA-B*07 or the B*07-Cw*07 haplotype with GBM. Nonetheless, HLA-A*32, which has previously been shown to predispose GBM patients to a favorable prognosis, was negatively associated with occurrence of GBM (odds ratio = 0.41, p = 0.04 by univariate analysis). Other alleles (A*29, A*30, A*31 and A*33) within the A19 serology group to which A*32 belongs showed inconsistent trends. Sequencing-based HLA-A genotyping established that A*3201 was the single A*32 allele underlying the observed association. Additional evaluation of HLA-A promoter and exon 1 sequences did not detect any unexpected single nucleotide polymorphisms that could suggest differential allelic expression. Further analyses restricted to female GBM cases and controls revealed a second association with a specific HLA-B sequence motif corresponding to Bw4-80Ile (odds ratio = 2.71, p = 0.02).Conclusions/SignificanceHLA-A allelic product encoded by A*3201 is likely to be functionally important to GBM. The novel, sex-specific association will require further confirmation in other representative study populations.

show abstract

“…We found previously that decreased glioma risks were associated with exposure to farm fumigants among men and women, and to insecticides and organochlorine pesticides among men [15,16]. Modest increased risks were associated with exposure to carbamate fungicides and herbicides and dinitroanilines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAn excess incidence of brain cancer in farmers has been noted in several studies. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health developed the Upper Midwest Health Study (UMHS) as a case–control study of intracranial gliomas and pesticide uses among rural residents. Previous studies of UMHS participants, using “ever-never” exposure to farm pesticides and analyzing men and women separately, found no positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma risks. The primary objective was to determine if quantitatively estimated exposure of pesticide applicators was associated with an increased risk of glioma in male and female participants.MethodsThe study included 798 histologically confirmed primary intracranial glioma cases (45 % with proxy respondents) and 1,175 population-based controls, all adult (age 18–80) non-metropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The analyses used quantitatively estimated exposure from questionnaire responses evaluated by an experienced industrial hygienist with 25 years of work on farm pesticide analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression modeling were calculated adjusting for frequency-matching variables (10-year age group and sex), and for age and education (a surrogate for socioeconomic status). Analyses were separately conducted with or without proxy respondents.ResultsNo significant positive associations with glioma were observed with cumulative years or estimated lifetime cumulative exposure of farm pesticide use. There was, a significant inverse association for phenoxy pesticide used on the farm (OR 0.96 per 10 g-years of cumulative exposure, CI 0.93-0.99). No significant findings were observed when proxy respondents were excluded. Non-farm occupational applicators of any pesticide had decreased glioma risk: OR 0.72, CI 0.52-0.99. Similarly, house and garden pesticide applicators had a decreased risk of glioma: OR 0.79, CI 0.66-0.93, with statistically significant inverse associations for use of 2,4-D, arsenates, organophosphates, and phenoxys.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with our previous findings for UMHS of reported farm pesticide exposure and support a lack of positive association between pesticides and glioma.

show abstract

Gliomas and Farm Pesticide Exposure in Men: The Upper Midwest Health Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

The Upper Midwest Health Study: Industry and occupation of glioma cases and controls

The Upper Midwest Health Study: Industry and occupation of glioma cases and controls

Genetic Epidemiology of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Confirmatory and New Findings from Analyses of Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles and Motifs

The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About