Glioblastomas: are individual therapies required for individual tumors?

Malignant Glial Tumors in the Immuno Oncology Era: New Challanges, New Hopes

“…Besides, Glioblastoma Multiforme cells secrete immune suppressive cytokines such as TGF-beta and Interleukin-10 and prostaglandin E2. These tumor cells also down-regulate adhesion or co-stimulatory molecules, as well as induce inhibitory cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor, immunosuppressive microglia or regulatory T cells [10][11][12]. Active immunotherapy through anti GBM cancer vaccines has been approached in different preclinical, phase I and phase II clinical trials in the past decade.…”