Glioblastoma Following Radiotherapy in a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis —Case Report—

Pulsed Arterial Spin-Labeled MR Imaging Evaluation of Tuberous Sclerosis

“…[3][4][5] Two SEGAs had developed in 1 patient. Mean perfusion values in these lesions were significantly increased (mean, 93.5 mL/100 g/min) compared with unaffected gray matter (mean, 60 mL/100 g/min) despite susceptibility artifacts from calcifications in the SEGAs (Fig 4).…”

“…5 We generated quantitative CBF maps by using a quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction with thin-section TI periodic saturation (Q2TIPS) flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery sequence. 21 This sequence generates 60 tag and control image pairs.…”

“…2 In rare instances, these lesions may also degenerate into astrocytomas. [3][4][5] MR spectroscopy has shown abnormal metabolites in the cortical tuber thought to be secondary to gliosis or neuronal dysfunction. [6][7][8][9] The spectroscopic findings correlated with the histologic specimens, which showed aberrant synapse formation, enlargement of the gyri, an indistinct gray-white matter border, and astrogliosis.…”

Phakomatoses and Their Tumors: Genetics and New Treatment Options

“…Complete resection is curative, but incomplete resection may lead to tumor regrowth [32,33], and ventriculoperitoneal shunting is often employed in addition to or in place of tumor resection in order to address the obstructive hydrocephalus resulting from SEGA growth at the foramen of Monro. Though radiation therapy has also been used to treat SEGA, it is not the standard of care and radiationinduced neoplasms have been reported [34].…”

Advances in the management of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

“…Furthermore, as SENs are present in nearly all patients with TSC and cannot be radiographically differentiated from SEGAs with confidence, target selection becomes challenging [7]. The application of radiosurgery is further complicated by the fact that irradiation of SEGAs may promote malignant degeneration and development of glioblastoma [20,21]. Although GK-SRS may be beneficial for SEGAs not amenable to surgical resection, at present, there are limited data demonstrating its safety and efficacy.…”