Glial immunoreactivity for metallothionein in the rat brain

Young, John K.; Garvey, James E.; Huang, P. C.

doi:10.1002/glia.440040607

Cited by 90 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In accordance with the present study, most studies on MT expression in CNS describe the absence or scarcity of w x MT-immunopositive neurons 8,42,43,66 . On the other w x hand, by using polyclonal antibodies, Hidalgo et al 28 found MT immunoreactivity in neurons of different rat cerebral and cerebellar areas.…”

Section: Distribution Of Mt In Normal Animalssupporting

confidence: 91%

Induction of metallothionein in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord from the myelin-deficient jimpy mouse

et al. 1997

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Jimpy is a shortened life-span murine mutant whose genetic disorder results in severe pathological alterations in the CNS, including Ž . hypomyelination, oligodendrocyte death and strong astroglial and microglial reaction. The knowledge of metallothionein MT regulation in the CNS and especially of MT presence in specific glial cell types under pathological conditions is scarce. In the present study, immunocytochemical detection of MT-I q II has been performed in spinal cord sections from 10-12-and 20-22-day-old jimpy and normal animals. The identification of MT-positive glial cells was achieved through double labeling combining MT immunocytochemistry and selective markers for oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. MT was found in glial cells and was present in the spinal cord of jimpy and normal mice at both ages, but there were remarkable differences in MT expression and in the nature of MT-positive glial cells depending on the type of mouse. The number of MT-positive cells was higher in jimpy than in normal spinal cords. This was apparent in all spinal cord areas, although it was more pronounced in white than in the gray matter and at 20-22 days than at 10-12 days. The mean Ž . Ž . number of MT-positive glia in the jimpy white matter was 1.9-fold 10-12 days and 2.4-fold 20-22 days higher than in the normal one. Astrocytes were the only parenchymal glial cells that were positively identified as MT-producing cells in normal animals. Interestingly, MT in the jimpy spinal cord was localized not only in astrocytes but also in microglial cells. The occurrence of MT induction in relation to reactive astrocytes and microglia, and its role in neuropathological conditions is discussed. q 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

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Section: Distribution Of Mt In Normal Animalssupporting

confidence: 91%

Induction of metallothionein in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord from the myelin-deficient jimpy mouse

et al. 1997

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“…The findings agreed with those reported in the brain of humans [3,27,28], monkeys [26], rats [14,32] and mice [12,14]. Intense MT-I & -II immunoreactivity was observed in astrocytes in the periventricular area and those around the blood vessels, indicating that MT-I & -II may play a role as a barrier against the toxic substances including metals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Immunohistochemical localization of MT-I & -II in the brain has been reported in humans [3,27,28], monkeys [26], mice [12,14] and rats [14,32]; MT-I & -II were shown in choroid plexus epithelial cells, ependymal cells, pia mater, and astrocytes in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and white matter throughout the brain. With at 5 µm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid methenamine silver (PAM).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Kojima

Shimada

Morita

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Localization of metallothionein (MT) -I & -II and MT-III and its significance in the brain aging in dogs were examined using immunohistological and molecular pathological techniques. MT-I & -II immunohistochemistry showed positive staining in the hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the aged dog brains; these MT-I & -II immunoreactive astrocytes were predominant in the cerebral cortex and around the blood vessels in the brain. These findings dominated in the brain regions with severe age-related morphological changes. In situ hybridization using MT-I mRNA riboprobes also demonstrated signals for MT-I mRNA in these hypertrophic astrocytes. Immunohistochemistry using a guinea pig antiserum against a synthetic polypeptide of canine MT-III demonstrated positive MT-III immunoreactivity predominantly in neurons in the Zn-rich regions such as hippocampus and parahippocampus. The findings were supported by in situ hybridization using MT-III mRNA riboprobes. Both MT-III immunoreactivity and signals for MT-III mRNA were demonstrated in neurons in the brain regardless of the intensity of the age-related changes. These results suggest, first, MT-I & -II may be induced in relation to the progress of the age-related morphological changes in the brain, playing an important role in the protection of the brain tissue from the toxic insults responsible for the brain aging, and second, MT-III may play a role in maintenance of Zn-related essential functions of the brain.-KEY WORDS: aging, brain, canine, in situ hybridization, metallothionein.

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“…Studies of in situ hybridization (21, 24-28) and immunohistochemistry (19,21,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), have demonstrated that MT-1&2 expression occurs throughout the brain and spinal cord, and that the principal cellular source is the astrocyte, particularly following injury. Significant MT-1&2 expression is also found in ependymal cells, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, meningeal cells of the pia mater and endothelial cells of blood vessels, while neurons appear to express very low levels.…”

Section: Metallothionein-1and2 Are Preferentially Expressed In Reactivementioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothioneins and brain injury: What transgenic mice tell us

Hidalgo

2004

Environ Health Prev Med

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In rodents, the metallothionein (MT) family is composed of four members, MT-1 to MT-4. MT-1&2 are expressed in virtually all tissues including those of the Central Nervous System (CNS), while MT-3 (also called Growth Inhibitory Factor) and MT-4 are expressed prominently in the brain and in keratinizing epithelia, respectively. For the understanding of the physiological functions of these proteins in the brain, the use of transgenic mice has provided essential information. Results obtained in MT-1&2-null mice and in MT-1-overexpressing mice strongly suggest that these MT isoforms are important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic proteins in the brain. Results in MT-3-null mice show a very different pattern, with no support for MT-1&2-like functions. Rather, MT-3 could be involved in neuronal sprouting and survival. Results obtained in a model of peripheral nervous system injury also suggest that MT-3 could be involved in the control of nerve growth.

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Glial immunoreactivity for metallothionein in the rat brain

Cited by 90 publications

References 27 publications

Induction of metallothionein in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord from the myelin-deficient jimpy mouse

Induction of metallothionein in astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord from the myelin-deficient jimpy mouse

Localization of Metallothioneins-I & -II and -III in the Brain of Aged Dog.

Metallothioneins and brain injury: What transgenic mice tell us

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