Glial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: Implications for cell-based transplantation therapy

Stimulating the Neurotrophic and Angiogenic Properties of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhances Nerve Repair

“…Adipose precursor cells transplanted in polycaprolactone conduits were shown to reduce muscle atrophy in a rat short nerve gap defect model, but the improvements in the sciatic functional index were temporary [50]. Furthermore, in that study, there was no evidence of stem cell trans-differentiation in vivo [50], which is in contrast to the recent report by Tomita et al [34] in which the authors had first stimulated the cells using the same protocol as described in our study. Repetitive stimulation of ASC with neural differentiation medium can also boost the therapeutic effects human ASC in the rat sciatic nerve injury model [51].…”

“…Varying levels of S100 mRNA were observed in the stimulated human stem cells, but we did not detect S100 protein (data not shown). GFAP mRNA and protein were also undetectable (data not shown), which is in contrast to Tomita et al [34]. The elevated secretion of neurotrophic factors was consistent with increased neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons exposed to CM from the stem cells.…”

“…Other studies have shown that human ASC express a range of neurotrophic factors which can enhance neurite outgrowth of neuronal cell lines [23,34,37]. Thus, the precise mechanism of stimulated ASC-mediated neurite outgrowth in our system remains to be elucidated.…”

Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons and Differentiated Adipose-derived Stem Cells: An <em>In Vitro</em> Co-culture Model to Study Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

“…Previous work demonstrated the ability of these cells to differentiate into SC-like ASC, expressing characteristic glial-markers, such as S-100, p75 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 19 , as well as the myelin protein zero (P0) 20 . The secretion of glial growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cellderived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was also observed 21,22 . Therefore, SC-like ASC can be used as promoter of peripheral nerve regeneration, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies [23][24][25][26] .…”

The Use of Adipose Derived Cells for Skin Nerve Regeneration – Short Review of Experimental Research

“…Kingham et al differentiated rat ASCs into Schwann-like cells employing several growth factors mimicking Schwann cell developmental stimuli such as FGF (fibroblast growth factor), PDGF (plateled-derived growth factor), and glial growth factor 2 [4]. Differentiated rat [4, 15,16] and also human [17,18] Schwann-like cells expressed in vitro myelin proteins, glial markers, and induced neurite sprouting. Further, coculturing of ASCs with Schwann cells resulted also in differentiation of ASCs into Schwann-like cells [19][20][21].…”