Glial cells in degenerating and regenerating optic nerve of the adult rat

Dezawa, Mari; Kawana, Kouichiro; Negishi, Hisanari

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(99)00035-0

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In principle, Schwann cells are crucial for PNS regeneration, even when artificial nerve conduits are used; Schwann cells migrate out from both the proximal and distal nerve ends into the gap space and provide a cellular foothold to support axonal regrowth and to guide regenerating axons to the distal nerve segment where activated Schwann cells form cordons [17]. Axons successfully elongate over a long distance, mostly while in contact with cellular footholds such as Schwann cells, but long regrowth does not occur when only extracellular matrices are provided [18][19][20]. Therefore, when the gap is long, the limited Schwann cell migration results in limited regeneration efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord as Sources for Schwann Cell Differentiation: their Potential in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Kuroda¹

2011

TOTERMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schwann cells are important components of the peripheral glia that form myelin, serving as the microenvironment of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Damage to the PNS induces the differentiation and activation of Schwann cells to produce factors that strongly promote axonal regrowth, and subsequently contribute to remyelination, which is crucial for the recovery of function. Although the collection and transplantation of native Schwann cells are effective for the treatment of neural diseases, isolation of Schwann cells results in new damage to other peripheral nerve segments and causes undesirable iatrogenic injury in the donor. Furthermore, the expansion of native Schwann cells to obtain a sufficient number of cells for clinical application within a reasonable period is technically difficult. Therefore, a method to induce easily accessible and highly proliferative cells to differentiate into cells with Schwann cell properties would be very practical and is highly desirable. Recently, regenerative medicine has focused on mesenchymal stem cells because they are easily accessible from various kinds of mesenchymal tissues such as the umbilical cord, bone marrow, and fat tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are highly proliferative and it is easy to obtain an adequate number of cells. Notably, while mesenchymal stem cells are mesodermal lineage cells, they have an ability to cross oligolineage boundaries previously thought uncrossable to achieve transdifferentiation. In this review, we focus on the potential of mesenchymal stem cells, particularly umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional Schwann cells, and discuss the prospective clinical application of these cells to PNS regeneration.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord as Sources for Schwann Cell Differentiation: their Potential in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Kuroda¹

2011

TOTERMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is also clear that astrocytes are not always nonpermissive for axonal growth. In fact, there appear to be differences in the ability of astrocytes to support axonal growth, depending on the degree of differentiation of the cells (Baehr and Bunge, 1989;Hatten et al, 1991;Lucius et al, 1996); on whether the astrocytes have formed a two-or three-dimensional substratum for the growing axons (Fawcett et al, 1989); on the part of the CNS that is injured (Alonso and Privat, 1993a,b;Chauvet et al, 1998;Prieto et al, 2000); and on the presence or absence of macrophages (David et al, 1990), Schwann cells Dezawa et al, 1999) or OECs (Li et al, 1997(Li et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Are Oecs a Clinically Relevant Alternative To Schwann Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesize that OECs, by virtue of their ability to integrate and migrate within the CNS microenvironment, effectively modify the response of astrocytes and microglia to create a more supportive environment for the regeneration of axons. The microglial cell response to tissue injury has been shown to be modified by the presence of Schwann cells (Zeev-Brann et al, 1998;Dezawa et al, 1999), and some studies have found that CNS axons can regenerate through areas of tissue injury containing microglial cells/ macrophages (Prewitt et al, 1997;Rabchevsky and Streit, 1997;LazarovSpiegler et al, 1998;Stichel et al, 1999).…”

Section: Are Oecs a Clinically Relevant Alternative To Schwann Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When given a choice, the regenerating callosal fibers preferred to grow directly on the plasma membrane of these immature astrocytes rather than on the basal lamina that the transplanted cells had formed in vivo . In the absence of experimental intervention, it is also known that axons in the adult mammalian CNS grow within areas containing Schwann cells, but poorly or not at all within areas lacking Schwann cells Dezawa et al, 1999). Host Schwann cells migrate toward lesion cavities in the adult mammalian spinal cord where they appear to support the regrowth of axons (Matthews et al, 1979;Ohi et al, 1989;West and Collins, 1989;Li and Raisman, 1995).…”

Section: Are Oecs a Clinically Relevant Alternative To Schwann Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has even been suggested that Schwann cells can regulate the gliotic response to CNS trauma (Senoo et al, 1998). Thus, in the presence of Schwann cells, the astrocytes and other cells repopulating and sealing the wound in the adult mammalian CNS appear to be more supportive of axonal growth, or at least less of an obstruction, than they are in the absence of Schwann cells (Matthews et al, 1979;Ohi et al, 1989;Dezawa and Nagano, 1996;Senoo et al, 1998;Dezawa et al, 1999). In fact, PNS axons will even regenerate into an optic nerve graft provided Schwann cells are present, as occurs in the optic nerve of the Browman-Wyse mutant rat .…”

Section: Are Oecs a Clinically Relevant Alternative To Schwann Cells?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Olfactory ensheathing cells: Historical perspective and therapeutic potential

Boyd

Skihar²,

Kawaja³

et al. 2003

The Anatomical Record Part B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glial reactions in a rodent cauda equina injury and repair model

Ohlsson¹,

Hoang²,

Wu³

et al. 2005

Exp Brain Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the adult rat, an avulsion injury of lumbosacral ventral roots results in a progressive and pronounced loss of the axotomized motoneurons. A subsequent acute implantation of an avulsed ventral root into the spinal cord has neuroprotective effects. However, it has not been known whether a surgical implantation of an avulsed ventral root into the spinal cord for neural repair purposes affects intramedullary glial and microglial reactions. Here, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a unilateral L5-S2 ventral root avulsion injury with or without acute implantation of the L6 ventral root into the spinal cord. At 4 weeks postoperatively, immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies to GFAP (astrocytes), Ox-42 (microglia), and ED-1 (macrophages) was performed at the L6 spinal cord segment, and quantified using densitometry. Our results show that a lumbosacral ventral root avulsion injury induces an activation of astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages in the ventral horn. Interestingly, an acute implantation of an avulsed root into the white matter does not significantly affect the activation of glial cells or macrophages in the ventral horn. We speculate that neuroprotective and axonal growth promoting benefits of the combined glial and microglial/ macrophage responses may outweigh their potential negative effects, as previous studies have shown that implantation of avulsed roots is a successful strategy in promoting reinnervation of peripheral targets.

show abstract

Glial cells in degenerating and regenerating optic nerve of the adult rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord as Sources for Schwann Cell Differentiation: their Potential in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord as Sources for Schwann Cell Differentiation: their Potential in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Olfactory ensheathing cells: Historical perspective and therapeutic potential

Glial reactions in a rodent cauda equina injury and repair model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About