Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

Petzold, Axel; Michel, Patrik; Stöck, Michael; Schluep, Myriam

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2008.02.002

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There is no linear correlation for CSF and serum concentration. Assessment of S100B and NfH concentrations in ischaemic stroke revealed that CSF but not serum concentrations correlated positively with outcome on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) [5]. But samples were taken relatively late in this study (median 3 days, range 1-15 days).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…S100B is mainly found in astrocytes and other sources include oligodendrocytes, microglia and neurons. Concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were found to be up to 60 times higher than in serum [5]. Importantly, previous reports indicated that S100B serum values correlate with final infarct volume when determined beyond 24 h after symptom onset [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

et al. 2011

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Serological biomarkers which enable quick and reliable diagnosis or measurement of the extent of irreversible brain injury early in the course of stroke are eagerly awaited. Neurofilaments (Nf) are a group of proteins integrated into the scaffolding of the neuronal and axonal cytoskeleton and an established biomarker of neuroaxonal damage. The Nf heavy chain (NfH SMI35 ) was assessed together with brain-specific astroglial proteins GFAP and S100B in hyperacute stroke (6 and 24 h from symptom onset) and daily for up to 6 days. Twenty-two patients with suspected stroke (median NIHSS 8) were recruited in a prospective observational study. Evidence for an ischaemic or haemorrhagic lesion on neuroimaging was found in 18 (ischaemia n = 16, intracerebral haemorrhage n = 2). Serum NfH SMI35 levels became detectable within 24 h post-stroke (P \ 0.0001) and elevated levels persisted over the study course. While GFAP was not detectable during the entire course, S100B levels peaked at the end of the observation period. The data indicate that significant in vivo information on the pathophysiology of stroke may be obtained by the determination of NfH SMI35 . Further studies are required to evaluate whether NfH SMI35 in hyperacute stroke reflects the extent of focal ischaemic injury seen on neuroimaging or is a consequence of more diffuse neuroaxonal damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

et al. 2011

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“…Except for Aurell et al (9 ), who assessed GFAP and S100B, all authors focused on a single damage marker. Measurement of infarct volume was based on computed tomography, apart from the study by Plezold et al (6 ), in which T2-weighted MRI was used. Studies investigating other neurobiochemical markers of brain damage in acute ischemic stroke patients identified a marked increase of tau protein in CSF, which correlated with the infarct volume (30 ), and likewise, tau protein concentrations were found to be increased in ventricular CSF of patients with traumatic brain injury (31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurable amounts of these damage markers are present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The relation between serum and CSF concentrations is poor, however, a situation attributed to relevant confounding factors for brain markers in blood (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). Yet, despite the fact that CSF concentrations more accurately reflect cerebral pathological changes, current knowledge about CSF concentrations of brain damage markers in ischemic stroke is based on a small number of studies (6, 8 -10 ).…”

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Neurobiochemical Markers of Brain Damage in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

et al. 2010

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Background: Ischemic injury to the central nervous system causes cellular activation and disintegration, leading to release of cell-type–specific proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We investigated CSF concentrations of myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP), the calcium-binding protein S100B, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in acute ischemic stroke patients and their relation to initial stroke severity, stroke location, and long-term stroke outcome. Methods: CSF concentrations of MBP, GFAP, S100B, and NSE were assessed in 89 stroke patients on admission (mean 8.7 h after stroke onset) and in 35 controls. We evaluated the relation between CSF concentrations and (a) stroke severity (NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score on admission, infarct volume), (b) stroke location, and (c) stroke outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score at month 3). Results: MBP concentration was significantly higher in subcortical than in cortical infarcts (median MBP, 1.18 vs 0.66 μg/L, P < 0.001). GFAP and S100B concentrations correlated with the NIHSS score on admission (GFAP, R = 0.35, P = 0.001; S100B, R = 0.29, P = 0.006), infarct volume (GFAP, R = 0.34, P = 0.001; S100B, R = 0.28, P = 0.008), and mRS score at month 3 (R = 0.42, P < 0.001 and R = 0.28, P = 0.007). Concentrations of NSE did not correlate with stroke characteristics. Conclusions: MBP, GFAP, S100B, and NSE display relevant differences in cellular and subcellular origins, which are reflected in their relation to stroke characteristics. MBP is a marker for infarct location. GFAP and S100B correlate with stroke severity and outcome.

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“…In addition, there is some controversy regarding the best timepoint for measuring NSE and S100 in serum. Different investigators describe the correlation between these biomarkers and clinical variables using various times (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal profile and clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and S100 in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

Brea

Sobrino

Blanco

et al. 2009

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Background: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein are implicated in several brain injuries, including stroke. Our objective was to analyze the temporal profile and the clinical significance of NSE and S-100 in acute ischemic (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: We studied 224 patients with IS and 44 patients with ICH. Computerized tomography (CT) scans were performed to assess infarct volume. Stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and functional outcome at 3 months with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Serum NSE and S100 protein were measured using an electrochemiluminescenceimmunoassay. Results: Peak values were found at 72 h for NSE and at 24 h for S100 in IS. For ICH, peak values were found at 24 h for both NSE and S100. At these time intervals S100 and NSE correlated with the NIHSS score and were independently associated with poor outcome. Conclusions: High serum NSE and S100 are associated with poor outcome in IS, and high serum NSE is associated with poor outcome in ICH. These findings suggest the potential utility of NSE and S100 as prognostic markers for acute stroke. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1513-8.

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Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

Hyperacute Detection of Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Serum Following Stroke: A Transient Sign

Neurobiochemical Markers of Brain Damage in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Temporal profile and clinical significance of serum neuron-specific enolase and S100 in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke

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