Gliadin activates mucosal cell mediated immunity in cultured rectal mucosa from coeliac patients and a subset of their siblings

Abstract

Background-CD3 and cells in the rectal mucosa increase after local instillation of gluten in children with coeliac disease and in half of their siblings. Aim-To establish an in vitro system for assessing immunological changes induced by gluten in the rectum. Patients and Methods-Rectal biopsy specimens obtained from 13 treated coeliac children, nine of their siblings, and nine controls were cultured in vitro with a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin or ovalbumin. CD3 and CD25 cells were counted, and the expression of adhesion molecules evaluated. Results-In the lamina propria of coeliac biopsy samples cultured with gliadin, but not in those from controls, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was enhanced, and the number of CD25 cells was significantly higher than in those cultured in medium alone; the density of intraepithelial CD3 cells was also significantly higher. No diVerences were noted in coeliac biopsy specimens cultured with ovalbumin. A discriminant analysis allowed correct classification of all controls and all coeliacs but one, but three of nine siblings were allocated to the coeliac group. Conclusions-Our data confirm that gliadin is able to activate cell mediated immunity in the rectal mucosa in coeliac patients and in a subset of their first degree relatives. (Gut 1998;43:484-489)

Immunopathological modifications in the rectal mucosa from an animal model of food allergy

“…This finding is similar to that found by other authors and our group in previous works both in the gut and other regions of the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbit (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)29).…”

“…Besides, high amounts of potentially antigenic food macromolecules reach distal regions of the colon due to the physiologic process of cecotrophy (18)(19)(20). The rectum is a part of the common immune mucosal system (CMIS), so histopathological and immunological modifications due to sensitization and challenge may be evaluated in the rectal mucosa (21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Predictors of Family Risk for Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Study

“…These findings are supported by experimental evidence of immunity to gliadin in the rectum of CD relatives. 30 Serologic screening should be offered to all first-degree relatives of patients with CD but especially to siblings who carried DQ2. The whole spectrum of enteropathy was observed, but despite severe histologic damage, over half were asymptomatic.…”

Highly Efficient Gluten Degradation by Lactobacilli and Fungal Proteases during Food Processing: New Perspectives for Celiac Disease

“…The PT digests of 60% ethanol-soluble polypeptides and glutenins from sourdough S2E12 had the same capacity to induce IFN-␥ as the negative control. To exclude immunoreactivity, the immune responses of iTCLs to the PT digest of S2E12 was also assayed (3,13,20,36,42). Six gluten-specific iTCLs obtained from jejunal explants increased IFN-␥ production when stimulated by protein fractions from the CAD.…”

“…Jejunal explants were digested with collagenase A as described previously (42). T-cell lines were established by repeated stimulation (every 7 days) of intestinal cells with 50 g of tTG-deamidated gliadin/ml and autologous irradiated PBMCs in complete culture medium containing 10% human serum.…”