Glia-Neuron Intercommunications and Synaptic Plasticity

Vernadakis, Antonia

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00012-3

Cited by 238 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 258 publications

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“…They extend numerous, long cytoplasmic processes that terminate in end feet that encapsulate brain capillaries, possibly contributing to the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier and participating in the exchange between the blood and brain parenchyma. They also make extensive contacts with the surfaces of adjacent neurons, encase synaptic terminals, ensure normal neuronal excitability by maintaining extracellular ion homeostasis, clear glutamate and potassium from the region of synapses, stabilize synapses, and may participate in synaptic plasticity [18,42,43]. Another remarkable feature of astrocytes is their ability to respond to pathological situations, where they engage in a series of structural and functional changes collectively referred to as astrogliosis [13,21,37].…”

Section: Evidence For the Direct Participation Of Astrocytes In The Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of glial cells to the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Nagele

Węgiel

Venkataraman³

et al. 2004

Neurobiology of Aging

446

287

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Section: Evidence For the Direct Participation Of Astrocytes In The Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of glial cells to the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Nagele

Węgiel

Venkataraman³

et al. 2004

Neurobiology of Aging

446

287

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“…They also have an important role in the immune response of the brain, in synaptic function, clearance of cellular ions and transmitters, in neuronal metabolism, and in neuronal migration (Allen and Barres 2005;Araque 2006;Mennerick and Zorumski 1994;Pellerin and Magistretti 2004;Verkhratsky et al 1998;Vernadakis 1996). More recently, astrocytes have been recognized to also play a role as neural progenitor cells themselves in both the developing and mature CNS (Goldman 2003;Song et al 2002), and to promote neurogenesis.…”

Section: Paroxetine-induced Effects On Glial Cells-implications For Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of behavioral changes and hippocampal gene expression in mice chronically treated with the SSRI paroxetine

et al. 2008

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Introduction Monoamine-based antidepressants inhibit neurotransmitter reuptake within short time. However, it commonly takes several weeks until clinical symptoms start to resolve-indicating the involvement of effects distant from reuptake inhibition. Objective To unravel other mechanisms involved in drug action, a "reverse" pharmacological approach was applied to determine antidepressant-induced alterations of hippocampal gene expression. Materials and methodsThe behavioral response to longterm paroxetine administration of male DBA/2Ola mice was assessed by the forced swim test (FST), the modified hole board (mHB), and the dark/light box. Hippocampi of test-naive mice were dissected, and changes in gene expression by paroxetine treatment were investigated by means of microarray technology. Results and discussion Robust effects of paroxetine on passive stress-coping behavior in the FST were observed. Furthermore, anxiolytic properties of long-term antidepressant treatment could be identified in DBA mice in both, the mHB and dark/light box. Analysis of microarray results revealed a list of 60 genes differentially regulated by chronic paroxetine treatment. Preproenkephalin 1 and inhibin beta-A showed the highest level of transcriptional change. Furthermore, a number of candidates involved in neuroplasticity/neurogenesis emerged (e.g., Bdnf, Gfap, Vim, Sox11, Egr1, Stat3). Seven selected candidates were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Additional immunofluorescence colocalization studies of GFAP and vimentin showed more positive cells to be detected in long-term paroxetine-treated DBA mice. Conclusion Candidate genes identified in the current study using a mouse strain validated for its responsiveness to long-term paroxetine treatment add, in our opinion, to unraveling the mechanism of action of paroxetine as a representative for SSRIs.

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“…Cytokines, like the two immune mediators IL-1β and IL-6, are secreted by activated microglia and are known to trigger astrocytes activation (Woiciechowsky et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2010). Astrocytes are non-neuronal central nervous system cells, implicated in neuronal synaptic plasticity (Vernadakis, 1996). Their activation, may lead to an astrogliosis phenomenon, characterized by an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the main intermediate filament of astrocytes (Eng et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 900MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats

Bouji¹,

Lecomte²,

Hode³

et al. 2012

Experimental Gerontology

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. Effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats. Experimental Gerontology, Elsevier, 2012, 47 (6) ABSTRACTThe widespread use of mobile phones raises the question of the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF, 900 MHz) on the brain. Previous studies reported increased levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the rat's brain after a single exposure to 900 MHz global system for mobile (GSM) signal, suggesting a potential inflammatory process. While this result was obtained in adult rats, no data is currently available in older animals. Since the transition from middle-age to senescence is highly dependent on environment and lifestyle, we studied the reactivity of middle-aged brains to EMF exposure. We assessed the effects of a single 15 min GSM exposure (900MHz; specific absorption rate (SAR) = 6 W/kg) on GFAP expression in young adults (6 week-old) and middle-aged rats (12 month-old). Brain interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, plasmatic levels of corticosterone (CORT), and emotional memory were also assessed.Our data indicated that, in contrast to previously published work, acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocytes activation. Our results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, and increased plasmatic levels of CORT in GSM-exposed young adults. Altogether, our data showed an age dependency of reactivity to GSM exposure in neuroimmunity, stress and behavioral parameters. Reproducing these effects and studying their mechanisms may allow a better understanding of mobile phone EMF effects on neurobiological parameters.

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Glia-Neuron Intercommunications and Synaptic Plasticity

Cited by 238 publications

References 258 publications

Contribution of glial cells to the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Contribution of glial cells to the development of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease

Profiling of behavioral changes and hippocampal gene expression in mice chronically treated with the SSRI paroxetine

Effects of 900MHz radiofrequency on corticosterone, emotional memory and neuroinflammation in middle-aged rats

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