GlauCUTU: Virtual Reality Visual Field Test

Kunumpol, P.; Lerthirunvibul, N.; Phienphanich, Phongphan; Munthuli, Adirek; Tantisevi, Visanee; Manassakorn, Anita; Chansangpetch, Sunee; Itthipanichpong, Rath; Ratanawongphaibol, K.; Rojanapongpun, Prin; Tantibundhit, Charturong

doi:10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629827

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our previous work, GlauCUTU results demonstrated a prolonged mean TUR in the glaucoma group when compared to the control group [20]. As an extension, this work successfully developed GlauCUTU, a TUP-based perimetry tool, for glaucoma screening and classification of glaucoma severity.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…As perimetry test requires participants to fixate their eye on the fixation marker, long test time induces eye fatigue and reduces test reliability [31]. To reduce test time for both eyes, GlauCUTU utilized an ascending method of limitsthe study in which stimulus is presented initially at a low light intensity and gradually increases in intensity until the participant perceives it -to measure a participant's perception of the stimulus [20]. Moreover, the stimulus size in GlauCUTU differs from HFA as GlauCUTU employed the spatially equated stimulus map with stimulus size of Goldmann I, II and III target sizes [32].…”

Section: B Software Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, previous VR perimetry tests can differentiate between glaucoma patients and normal subjects, but results differ from those of HFA. In our previous work, we developed a VR perimetry test that assesses participant's RT which is reportedly higher in glaucoma patients than in normal subjects [20]. In this study, we use the term time until response (TUR) instead of RT, which was used in our previous work, as TUR better demonstrates the variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GlauCUTU can be used for glaucoma screening by measuring TUP and reporting in GlauCUTU sensitivity. However, our perimetry results cannot be compared with HFA, which makes it difficult for clinicians to use GlauCUTU's data to assess visual field defects [20]. Currently, there are no available system capable of predicting HFA sensitivity from TUR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GlauCUTU: Time Until Perceived Virtual Reality Perimetry With Humphrey Field Analyzer Prediction-Based Artificial Intelligence

et al. 2022

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The increasing prevalence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, which can result in permanent blindness (visual impairment), accentuates the importance of screening and early diagnosis for prevention of blindness. GlauCUTU, a novel time until perceived (TUP) visual field (VF) testing, utilizes a portable virtual reality (VR) headset with visual stimulus that progressively increases in intensity to detect VF defects. GlauCUTU was evaluated on participants with normal visual fields and those with early, moderate, and severe glaucoma. Responses were collected in terms of time until response (TUR). TUR was used to calculate TUP and reported in terms of GlauCUTU sensitivity. False positives were detected with pretest and latency analysis using reaction time (RT). In addition, a novel automated transformation was developed to convert GlauCUTU sensitivity into HFA sensitivity using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms. Visual field index (VFI) was generated from HFA sensitivity to determine severity of glaucoma. The VFI results were evaluated using post-hoc analysis from two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrate no significant difference (p=0.073) between Humphrey visual field analyzer (HFA) and GlauCUTU with machine learning transformation (GlauCUTU-ML) in all glaucoma stages. However, there was a significant difference between HFA and GlauCUTU with deep learning transformation (GlauCUTU-DL) in severe glaucoma (p<0.050). GlauCUTU-ML generates the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.92. Meanwhile, GlauCUTU-DL yields the highest Pearson's r correlation coefficient with HFA of 0.74, but produces the highest RMSE of 6.31. Comparison between three expert ophthalmologists' grading of glaucomatous eyes on GlauCUTU-ML and HFA aligns with the majority voting with an average agreement of 0.83, which is highly reliable. All in all, the portable and inexpensive GlauCUTU perimetry system introduces the use of TUP for VF evaluation with results comparable to HFA. GlauCUTU proves to be a promising method to increase accessibility to glaucoma screening, particularly in low-resource setting countries.INDEX TERMS Virtual reality, glaucoma, visual defect, visual field test, portable perimetry.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Seifedine Kadry .

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Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: B Software Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GlauCUTU: Time Until Perceived Virtual Reality Perimetry With Humphrey Field Analyzer Prediction-Based Artificial Intelligence

et al. 2022

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Kinetic Perimetry on Virtual Reality Headset

Terracciano

Mascolo

Venturo

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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Objective: we present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as innovative and alternative solution for the screening visual field clinical examination. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects. Methods: The system is composed by an Oculus Quest 2 as VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy. Results: isopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target). Conclusions: we demonstrate feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects. Significance: proposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices.

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Modern possibilities of functional glaucoma screening (part 1)

Simakova,

Grigoryan,

Gorbacheva

2023

Glaucoma

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Nowadays methods of standard and non-standard computerized perimetry using stationary devices are widely used in functional screening of glaucoma. The information about new portable devices for perimetry has appeared in foreign literature in recent years, describing such advantages as economic availability, autonomy and mobility, which open up new possibilities for their use. New possibilities include cloud storage of data, the use of telemedicine technologies, artificial intelligence, examination of patients with disabilities, including those who are bedridden, as well as examination outside of medical institutions. All of this can allow glaucoma patients to receive ophthalmic care when in-person visits are unavailable, including social distancing needed during a pandemic or quarantine. This review of the literature describes the latest portable devices and applications for perimetry, attempts to classify them according to similar parameters, and assesses their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the prospects for their use in functional screening of glaucoma.

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GlauCUTU: Virtual Reality Visual Field Test

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

GlauCUTU: Time Until Perceived Virtual Reality Perimetry With Humphrey Field Analyzer Prediction-Based Artificial Intelligence

GlauCUTU: Time Until Perceived Virtual Reality Perimetry With Humphrey Field Analyzer Prediction-Based Artificial Intelligence

Kinetic Perimetry on Virtual Reality Headset

Modern possibilities of functional glaucoma screening (part 1)

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