Glaucoma Drainage Device Coated with Mitomycin C Loaded Opal Shale Microparticles to Inhibit Bleb Fibrosis

Abstract

Excessive fibrosis is the topmost factor for the defeat of surgical glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation. Adjuvant drug approaches are promising to help reduce the scar formation and excessive fibrosis. Opal shale (OS), as a natural state and noncrystalline silica substance with poriferous nature and strong adsorbability, is highly likely to undertake drug loading and delivery. Here, we employed OS microparticles (MPs) by ultrasound and centrifugation and presented an innovative and improved GDD coated with OS MPs, which were loaded with mitomycin C (MMC). MMC-loaded OS MPs were physically absorbed on the Ahmed glaucoma valve surface through OS′ adsorbability. About 5.51 μg of MMC was loaded on the modified Ahmed glaucoma valve and can be released for 18 days in vitro. MMC-loaded OS MPs inhibited fibroblast proliferation and showed low toxicity to primary Tenon’s fibroblasts. The ameliorated drainage device was well tolerated and effective in reducing the fibrous reaction in vivo. Hence, our study constructed an improved Ahmed glaucoma valve using OS MPs without disturbing aqueous humor drainage pattern over the valve surface. The modified Ahmed glaucoma valve successfully alleviated scar tissue formation after GDD implantation surgery.

A new glaucoma drainage implant with the use of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A pilot study

“…Modifications to the material, comprising glaucoma surgical devices, have also been explored. Several GDIs are designed to reduce fibrosis formation including a MMC-coated valve [ 5 , 6 ], or AGV with Adjunctive Amniotic Membrane [ 22 ]. The use of PTFE is another modification used in new device formation and also in combination with AGV [ 19 ].…”

“…Various methods have been used to halt the fibrosis formation, including the creation of a drug-coated device [ 5 , 6 ], intraoperative or postoperative anti-metabolite [ 7 , 8 ], subtenon steroid injection [ 9 ], and early start of aqueous suppressants [ 10 ]. Furthermore, modification of GDI’s material or design has always been tried [ 3 , 11 ].…”

Prodrug Delivery Using Dual-Targeting Nanoparticles To Treat Breast Cancer Brain Metastases

“…Human brain-seeking breast cancer MDA-MB-231Br cells (231Br) were gifted by Dr. Patricia Steeg at the NCI and extensively used in our previously published papers. ,,− Both 231Br cells and bEND.3 cells (mouse BBB endothelial cells, ATCC) were grown in the complete DMEM medium with fetal bovine serum (10%), penicillin (100 units/mL), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL).…”

A graphene-Ag based near-infrared defined accurate anti-scarring strategy for ocular glaucoma surgery

“…Glaucoma, the worldwide leading cause of irreversible blindness, will affect more than 111.8 million people in 2040. 1,2 It is clear that the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is related to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). 3,4 To date, reducing IOP has been the only proven therapy to delay the progression of optic neuropathy.…”