Glassy dynamics of landscape evolution

Ferdowsi, Behrooz; Ortiz, C. P.; Jerolmack, D. J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1715250115

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…These two hypotheses are supported by the fact that, to the authors' knowledge, this class of creep does not occur in DEM simulations, which use a Cundall‐Strack model (Cundall & Strack, ) or similar Coulomb‐like yield criterion for the frictional forces between grains, and fluctuating forces or slow variations in grain‐grain friction are not included. Some DEM studies have observed creeping below a macroscopic yield criterion like the angle of response (Ferdowsi et al, ), but the results from these studies seem to always include some region of

μ > μ_{s}

.…”

Section: Yield and Flow Of Dense Granular Media In The Context Of Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as discussed in this section, the granular material itself may be partially responsible. In fact, it is well known that granular creep can be observed in a variety of observational geophysical contexts (Boulton & Hindmarsh, 1987;Ferdowsi et al, 2018;Pierson et al, 1987) as well as more idealized granular flows in a laboratory setting (Amon et al, 2013;Komatsu et al, 2001;Moosavi et al, 2013;Nichol et al, 2010;Roering et al, 2001), including sediment transport explicitly (Allen & Kudrolli, 2018;Houssais et al, 2015), as depicted in Figure 2. Generally, creeping refers to slow, typically intermittent flow (not limited to the bed surface) that occurs below a macroscopic yield criterion.…”

Section: Creep and Nonlocal Rheologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Physics of Sediment Transport Initiation, Cessation, and Entrainment Across Aeolian and Fluvial Environments

Pähtz

Clark

Valyrakis

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

121

149

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Predicting the morphodynamics of sedimentary landscapes due to fluvial and aeolian flows requires answering the following questions: Is the flow strong enough to initiate sediment transport, is the flow strong enough to sustain sediment transport once initiated, and how much sediment is transported by the flow in the saturated state (i.e., what is the transport capacity)? In the geomorphological and related literature, the widespread consensus has been that the initiation, cessation, and capacity of fluvial transport, and the initiation of aeolian transport, are controlled by fluid entrainment of bed sediment caused by flow forces overcoming local resisting forces, whereas aeolian transport cessation and capacity are controlled by impact entrainment caused by the impacts of transported particles with the bed. Here the physics of sediment transport initiation, cessation, and capacity is reviewed with emphasis on recent consensus‐challenging developments in sediment transport experiments, two‐phase flow modeling, and the incorporation of granular physics' concepts. Highlighted are the similarities between dense granular flows and sediment transport, such as a superslow granular motion known as creeping (which occurs for arbitrarily weak driving flows) and system‐spanning force networks that resist bed sediment entrainment; the roles of the magnitude and duration of turbulent fluctuation events in fluid entrainment; the traditionally overlooked role of particle‐bed impacts in triggering entrainment events in fluvial transport; and the common physical underpinning of transport thresholds across aeolian and fluvial environments. This sheds a new light on the well‐known Shields diagram, where measurements of fluid entrainment thresholds could actually correspond to entrainment‐independent cessation thresholds.

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μ > μ_{s}

.…”

Section: Yield and Flow Of Dense Granular Media In The Context Of Sedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Creep and Nonlocal Rheologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physics of Sediment Transport Initiation, Cessation, and Entrainment Across Aeolian and Fluvial Environments

Pähtz

Clark

Valyrakis

et al. 2020

Reviews of Geophysics

121

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other possible phenomena in complex systems where the characteristics of the onset of chaos may appear in ways similar to those illustrated here are: (1) Protein folding [55], traffic jams [56] and hill slope evolution [57] are processes that display glassy dynamics and could be modelled via the bifurcation gap. (2) Critical fluctuations in many kinds of systems, like, to give one example, in spatial complex networks [58].…”

Section: Summary and Prospectivementioning

confidence: 88%

Manifestations of the onset of chaos in condensed matter and complex systems

Velarde

Robledo

2018

Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top.

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We review the occurrence of the patterns of the onset of chaos in low-dimensional nonlinear dissipative systems in leading topics of condensed matter physics and complex systems of various disciplines. We consider the dynamics associated with the attractors at period-doubling accumulation points and at tangent bifurcations to describe features of glassy dynamics, critical fluctuations and localization transitions. We recall that trajectories pertaining to the routes to chaos form families of time series that are readily transformed into networks via the Horizontal Visibility algorithm, and this in turn facilitates establish connections between entropy and Renormalization Group properties. We discretize the replicator equation of game theory to observe the onset of chaos in familiar social dilemmas, and also to mimic the evolution of high-dimensional ecological models. We describe an analytical framework of nonlinear mappings that reproduce rank distributions of large classes of data (including Zipf's law). We extend the discussion to point out a common circumstance of drastic contraction of configuration space driven by the attractors of these mappings. We mention the relation of generalized entropy expressions with the dynamics along and at the period doubling, intermittency and quasi-periodic routes to chaos. Finally, we refer to additional natural phenomena in complex systems where these conditions may manifest.

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“…More work is also needed to understand block transport mechanisms in the field and their dependence on slope, erosion rate, and specific factors such as overland flow, soil saturation, and vegetation. While we have shown that blocks affect soil transport by damming, additional feedbacks between the presence of large blocks and soil creep mechanisms should be explored, as well as the effect of different soil flux rules (e.g., Ferdowsi et al, ; Roering, ). Exploration of the relative roles of transport and weathering in producing observed block size distributions through numerical modeling, field studies, and physical experiments would greatly improve our understanding of these landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐Steady Evolution of Hillslopes in Layered Landscapes: An Analytic Approach

Glade

Anderson

2018

JGR Earth Surface

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Landscapes developed in layered sedimentary or igneous rocks are common on Earth, as well as on other planets. Features such as hogbacks, exposed dikes, escarpments, and mesas exhibit resistant rock layers adjoining more erodible rock in tilted, vertical, or horizontal orientations. Hillslopes developed in the erodible rock are typically characterized by steep, linear‐to‐concave slopes or “ramps” mantled with material derived from the resistant layers, often in the form of large blocks. Previous work on hogbacks has shown that feedbacks between weathering and transport of the blocks and underlying soft rock can create relief over time and lead to the development of concave‐up slope profiles in the absence of rilling processes. Here we employ an analytic approach, informed by numerical modeling and field data, to describe the quasi‐steady state behavior of such rocky hillslopes for the full spectrum of resistant layer dip angles. We begin with a simple geometric analysis that relates structural dip to erosion rates. We then explore the mechanisms by which our numerical model of hogback evolution self‐organizes to meet these geometric expectations, including adjustment of soil depth, erosion rates, and block velocities along the ramp. Analytical solutions relate easily measurable field quantities such as ramp length, slope, block size, and resistant layer dip angle to local incision rate, block velocity, and block weathering rate. These equations provide a framework for exploring the evolution of layered landscapes and pinpoint the processes for which we require a more thorough understanding to predict their evolution over time.

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Glassy dynamics of landscape evolution

Cited by 45 publications

References 75 publications

The Physics of Sediment Transport Initiation, Cessation, and Entrainment Across Aeolian and Fluvial Environments

The Physics of Sediment Transport Initiation, Cessation, and Entrainment Across Aeolian and Fluvial Environments

Manifestations of the onset of chaos in condensed matter and complex systems

Quasi‐Steady Evolution of Hillslopes in Layered Landscapes: An Analytic Approach

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