Glassy carbon electrode modified with hybrid films containing inorganic molybdate anions trapped in organic matrices of chitosan and ionic liquid for the amperometric sensing of phosphate at neutral pH

Abstract

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Selective Voltammetric Analysis of o‐Diphenols from Olive Oil Using Na2MoO4 as Electrochemical Mediator

“…It was reported that the peak around +400 mV involves exchange of two electrons and was attributed to MoMo(VI)/Mo(IV) and the peak around 100 mV involves three electrons and was attributed to Mo (IV)/Mo (I) 28,29. Each electron transfer is associated to the addition of a proton 30. The magnitude of signal of these redox peaks increase drastically when molybdate is mixed with phosphate or silicate at pH≤2 allowing formation of molybdophosphate and molybdosilicate complexes 26,28,29,31.…”

“…The magnitude of signal of these redox peaks increase drastically when molybdate is mixed with phosphate or silicate at pH≤2 allowing formation of molybdophosphate and molybdosilicate complexes 26,28,29,31. The measurement of signal of these peaks was the basis of electrochemical determination of phosphate 26,28,30,31 and silicates 19,26.…”

Phosphomolybdenum Blue Detection – A Review of Characteristics, Achievements, Challenges and Future Prospects

“…The use of Amperometric sensors, that measure the current produced by the target analyte at an electrode with a constant voltage, has also been investigated widely (Beer et al, 1996(Beer et al, , 1997 showing some selectivity for dihydrogen phosphate and orthophosphate. Some involved measuring the reduction of the ammonium phosphomolybdate complex formed in the standard phosphomolybdate reaction (Quintana et al, 2004;Udnan et al, 2005) or anodic oxidation of molybdenum (Jonca et al, 2011), while others involved the use of electrodes embedded with ammonium molybdate (Berchmans et al, 2011). Others involved the use of phosphate sensitive enzyme electrodes, designed for potential environmental applications, and are able to detect orthophosphates down to 3 µg/L (Midgley, 1986;Engblom, 1998;Villalba et al, 2009;Rahman et al, 2006).…”

Determination of phosphate in water by flow coulometry

“…Various electroanalytical methods available in literature were assessed for their advantages in terms of selectivity, simplicity, miniaturization, adaptability, and suitability for field measurements. Berchmans et al (2011) reported an amperometric method for phosphate analysis based on the use of a surface modified glassy carbon electrode. The linear range of detection for phosphate is between 19 and 100 pM with the first electrode configuration.…”