Glasses and the Glass Transition

Schmelzer, Jürn W. P.; Gutzow, I.; Mazurin, O. V.; Priven, A. I.; Todorova, Snejana V.; Petroff, Boris P.

doi:10.1002/9783527636532

Cited by 78 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…A class of liquids can be driven below the melting temperature (T m ), that is, they can be supercooled, thus avoiding crystallization. In those cases where crystallization does not occur over large time scales, one can classify the system as metastable [27,96]. A considerable number of polymers belongs to the category of glassforming systems, that is, systems that can be easily maintained amorphous below their T m .…”

Section: Glassy Dynamics: Established Factsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Rate Dependent Glass Transition in Thin Polymer Films and in Bulk

Cangialosi

Alegría

Colmenero

2016

Fast Scanning Calorimetry

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Polymers confined at the nanoscale are assuming increasing importance in a wide range of applications where miniaturization is required [25,78,85,121,122]. The technological interest on polymers confined at the nanoscale has generated intense research in an attempt of understanding how properties are modified by the presence of the polymer/external world interface. Due to the large area of such interface to volume of polymer ratio, these can dramatically deviate from those of the corresponding bulk system. Among the aspects that have recently received considerable attention, the study of glassy dynamics in nanoscale confinement is certainly

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Section: Glassy Dynamics: Established Factsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Rate Dependent Glass Transition in Thin Polymer Films and in Bulk

Cangialosi

Alegría

Colmenero

2016

Fast Scanning Calorimetry

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“…Viscosity can be directly converted to bulk diffusivity in organic molecules using the Stokes-Einstein equation (Einstein, 1905;Atkins, 1998;Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006;Schmelzer and Gutzow, 2011). This equation has been shown to work well for organic molecules diffusing through materials with η below ∼ 10 3 Pa s (Price et al, 2016;Chenyakin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material using molecular composition

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a large fraction of submicron particles in the atmosphere. SOA can occur in amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states depending on chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and temperature. The phase transition between amorphous solid and semi-solid states occurs at the glass transition temperature (T g ). We have recently developed a method to estimate T g of pure compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO compounds) with molar mass less than 450 g mol −1 based on their molar mass and atomic O : C ratio. In this study, we refine and extend this method for CH and CHO compounds with molar mass up to ∼ 1100 g mol −1 using the number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. We predict viscosity from the T g -scaled Arrhenius plot of fragility (viscosity vs. T g /T ) as a function of the fragility parameter D. We compiled D values of organic compounds from the literature and found that D approaches a lower limit of ∼ 10 (±1.7) as the molar mass increases. We estimated the viscosity of α-pinene and isoprene SOA as a function of RH by accounting for the hygroscopic growth of SOA and applying the Gordon-Taylor mixing rule, reproducing previously published experimental measurements very well. Sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate impacts of T g , D, the hygroscopicity parameter (κ), and the Gordon-Taylor constant on viscosity predictions. The viscosity of toluene SOA was predicted using the elemental composition obtained by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), resulting in a good agreement with the measured viscosity. We also estimated the viscosity of biomass burning particles using the chemical composition measured by HRMS with two different ionization techniques: electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Due to differences in detected organic compounds and signal intensity, predicted viscosities at low RH based on ESI and APPI measurements differ by 2-5 orders of magnitude. Complementary measurements of viscosity and chemical composition are desired to further constrain RH-dependent viscosity in future studies.

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“…The formulation of a comprehensive theory of the glassy state and of the glass transition remains one of the challenges for modern physics (for reviews on this field, see, for example, [1][2][3][4][5]). This is one of the reasons of the continuing interest in analysis of these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current activities in the theoretical description of glass transition phenomena represent a large field with different approaches, both microscopic and macroscopic, being applied [1,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In the present work we focus upon the widely used macroscopic theories for description of the kinetics of glass transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%