Glass transition in amorphous water. Application of the measurements to problems arising in cryobiology

Rasmussen, Don H.; MacKenzie, Alan P.

doi:10.1021/j100677a022

Cited by 147 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Similar results were obtained with dead stems killed by plunging a sample at room temperature into liquid nitrogen. The liquid water content of the stem is a weak function of temperature between -25 and -55 C. However, beginning at -55 C a stronger temperature dependence is apparent which correlates with phase transitions reported by Rasmussen and MacKenzie (23,26 In the present experiments there is clear evidence for further partitioning of the water since both T, and T9 are biphasic. The isolated tissues also had the biphasic relaxation characteristics, thereby reducing the possibility that the origin of the biphasic characteristics is two different stem tissues.…”

Section: Low Temperature Nmr Of Stemssupporting

confidence: 87%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Water in Cold Acclimating Red Osier Dogwood Stem

1974

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The pulsed and continuous-wave nuclear magnetic resonance of water in cold-acclimating red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonilera Michx) stem showed reduced relaxation times and increased line width. The reduction of relaxation times suggests an over-all restriction in the motional characteristics of the water. The increased line width is not related to a molecular property of the water, but is useful in estimating the initiation of cold acclimation. Biphasic relaxation characteristics may be related to partitioning of the water at the cellular level. The liquid water content of the stem was a weak function of temperature between -25 and -55 C, corresponding to approximately 0.15 gram of water per gram of dry stem. The quantity of unfrozen water at subfreezing temperatures was not strongly dependent on the degree of cold acclimation. It is concluded that the ability of dogwood to survive low temperatures depends on its ability to tolerate diminished quantities of liquid water.Low temperature injury of plants is thought to result from intracellular ice formation or from freezing of extracellular water which may cause severe dehydration of the cells. Red osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx) has been studied previously and many details of the physiological alterations associated with acclimation to freezing stress and environmental factors which induce acclimation have been reported (10, 24). For example, changes in the quantities of water, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids usually occur (22,34). Although water has not been studied extensively as part of this problem, the status of water almost certainly is a vital factor in determining the resistance of living organisms to freezing stress. Nuclear magnetic resonance provides a particularly convenient tool for the study of water in plants because it is nondestructive and rich ' Scientific Journal Series Paper 8558 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. in structural as well as dynamical information. NMR2 is used in two ways in the present study: to study the state of the unfrozen water in dogwood stems at low temperatures and to determine the amount of unfrozen water at low temperatures.NMR has been extensively used to study water in animal tissues such as muscle. In these samples, the NMR line is significantly broader than it is in pure water and the spin-spin relaxation time (T,2) is significantly shorter (2 to 6, 12, 13). These results are often interpreted to mean that cellular water consists of several populations of water molecule, including a bound fraction which experiences restricted motion. Some controversy has developed concerning the extent of the region of restricted water mobility and models range from a simplified two-phase model with a small fraction bound (2, 4, 5) to one consisting of all bound water (3,6,13

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Section: Low Temperature Nmr Of Stemssupporting

confidence: 87%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Water in Cold Acclimating Red Osier Dogwood Stem

1974

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“…The glass transition temperature of water was determined by extrapolation of data for the concentration dependence of T g to the zero content of the substance dissolved. However, the values of T g obtained in these investigations cover a wide temperature range, from values comparable with the results of direct measurements, 136 ± 1 K [7,8] , to those that exceed them considerably, 160-165 K [9]. An analysis of the concentration dependences of T g for rapidly quenched aqueous solutions of polyhydric alcohols in a wide concentration range [10] with allowance for the data obtained for hyperquenched droplets in the range of low values of the dissolved substance content [11] has shown that such an extrapolation does not take into account possible anomalies in the behavior of the plots of T g versus concentration, which are connected with the structural peculiarities of water and may lead to considerable errors in determining the glass transition temperature of pure water.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Glass transition and crystallization of water and aqueous solutions of organic liquids

Faĭzullin

Skokov

Koverda

2010

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…Recently, it was reported that glass transition of amorphous ice in hydrogel prepared from poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was observed at 136° Κ by dynamic mechanical analysis (27). As the reported T^ is close to that of pure water which is obtained by calorimetric measure ments (26,28), amorphous ice in PHEMA hydrogel scarcely interacts with PHEMA in contrast to the water-polysaccharide systems.…”

Section: Molecular Motion In Regions II and Iiimentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Water on the Main Chain Motion of Polysaccharide Hydrogels

Yoshida

Hatakeyama

Hatakeyama³

1992

Viscoelasticity of Biomaterials

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The main chain motion of hyaluronic acid, xanthan and pullulan with various water contents ranging from 0 to 3 (grams of water per gram of dry polysaccharide) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Water in the polysaccharide system was classified into three types: non-freezing, freezing bound, and free wa ter. Hydrogel derived from polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid, and xanthan contained a large amount of freezing bound water. The water-polysaccharide systems formed the glassy state by cooling from 300°Κ to 150°K at the rate of 10°K/min. The glass transition temperature of the system was influenced by non-freezing water and freezing bound water. A part of the freezing bound wa ter in hydrogels formed amorphous ice. As a result of cooperative motion of the polysaccharide, the glass tran sition of these systems absorbed non-freezing water and the amorphous ice.Hydrogels have become increasingly important in industrial and medical fields, such as food processing, delivery systems, manufacture of artificial biological tissues, civil engineering, etc. The phase transition of gels in duced by thermal and electrical stimulations, and also the gelation mech anism, have attracted much attention in both the theoretical and applied fields (1-4). Biological gels show better mechanical properties than syn thetic gels, since biological gels are constituted of rigid molecules such as proteins which have helix coil conformation, or polysaccharides which con sist of glucan or glucosamino glycan having /?-glycoside linkages. Because these rigid biomolecules show high glass transition temperatures in the dry state, it is difficult to observe the main chain motions below those ther mal decomposition temperatures. Not only for synthetic polymers but also

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Glass transition in amorphous water. Application of the measurements to problems arising in cryobiology

Cited by 147 publications

References 0 publications

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Water in Cold Acclimating Red Osier Dogwood Stem

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Water in Cold Acclimating Red Osier Dogwood Stem

Glass transition and crystallization of water and aqueous solutions of organic liquids

Effect of Water on the Main Chain Motion of Polysaccharide Hydrogels

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