Glass sponges arrest pumping in response to sediment: implications for the physiology of the hexactinellid conduction system

Tompkins-MacDonald, Gabrielle J.; Leys, Sally P.

doi:10.1007/s00227-008-0987-y

Cited by 91 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In both C. delitrix and C. vaginalis, excurrent volume flow rates were not correlated to the ambient currents, suggesting that these species do not use passive flow. Rather, both species decreased their volume flow rate when ambient velocities reached a certain level, which may be to reduce damage caused by high currents or resuspension of sediments during storms (Gerrodette and Flechsig, 1979;Tompkins-MacDonald and Leys, 2008;Bannister et al, 2012). We suggest that the discrepancy in our results and those of Vogel, who first described the apparent use of induced current by sponges (Vogel, 1974(Vogel, , 1977, are due to his use of excurrent velocity rather than volume flow rate and the use of individual points in time rather than a full time series.…”

Section: Ambient Currents Do Not Enhance Excurrent Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 68%

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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There was an error published in J. Exp. Biol. 220, 995-1007. Some values for head loss and respiration in Table 3 were carried over from an earlier version of the manuscript. The corrected table follows.The final numbers for volume flow rate, head loss, pumping power and cost of pumping remain unchanged, and there are no changes to the results and conclusions of the paper. The data available from the University of Alberta Education Resource Archive (ERA; https://doi.org/ 10.7939/R36688W8N) are correct. The authors apologise for any inconvenience this may have caused. 4743© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ΔH and measured volume flow rate are used to calculate the pumping power P p using Eqn A6. The cost of pumping η (%) is then estimated using Eqn A7 from the pumping power P p and the measured respiration rate R tot . The collar slit is in bold, representing the filtration apparatus. Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 4743-4744 doi:10.1242 Journal of Experimental Biology ABSTRACT Sponges (Porifera) are abundant in most marine and freshwater ecosystems, and as suspension feeders they play a crucial role in filtering the water column. Their active pumping enables them to filter up to 900 times their body volume of water per hour, recycling nutrients and coupling a pelagic food supply with benthic communities. Despite the ecological importance of sponge filter feeding, little is known about how sponges control the water flow through their canal system or how much energy it costs to filter the water. Sponges have long been considered textbook examples of animals that use current-induced flow. We provide evidence that suggests that some species of demosponge do not use currentinduced flow; rather, they respond behaviourally to increased ambient currents by reducing the volume of water filtered. Using a morphometric model of the canal system, we also show that filter feeding may be more energetically costly than previously thought. Measurements of volumetric flow rates and oxygen removal in five species of demosponge show that pumping rates are variable within and between species, with the more oxygen consumed the greater the volume filtered. Together, these data suggest that sponges have active control over the volume of water they process, which may be an adaptation to reduce the energetic cost of filtration in times of high stress. 4744 CORRECTION

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Section: Ambient Currents Do Not Enhance Excurrent Velocitycontrasting

confidence: 68%

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Ludeman

Reidenbach

Leys

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The rapid response of G. barretti was also seen during recovery, when respiration rates returned quickly to baseline levels. Both Tompkins-MacDonald & Leys (2008) and Bannister et al (2012) measured recovery after exposure to suspended sediment, and these studies demonstrated that sponges returned to their initial respiration and pumping rates respectively, between 3 and 25 h after exposure ended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Bannister et al (2012) showed that increased mucus production can protect sponges from smothering inhalant pores, but that this may be at a high energetic cost (Riegl & Branch 1995) and therefore may only be used for short-term protection. Other studies have also demonstrated that pumping stops in response to short exposure of suspended sediment followed by a continuous on−off pumping activity, also known as pacemaker movements, in order to clean the canals (Tompkins-MacDonald & Leys 2008). For other sponges, a contraction activity has been described that can reduce the body volume by up to 70% (Nickel 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is demonstrated by the redu ced distribution, abundance and species richness of sponges in shallow reef environments (Carballo 2006, Maldonado et al 2008, Bannister et al 2010. The effects of suspended and deposited sediment include increased metabolic stress (Bannister et al 2012), reduced pumping and filtration rate (Gerrodette & Flechsig 1979, Lohrer et al 2006, Tompkins-MacDonald & Leys 2008, reduced growth (Wilkinson & Vacelet 1979), decreased reproduction (Roberts et al 2006, Whalan et al 2007), re duced larval settlement (Moran 1991, Whalan et al 2007) and reduced survival (Mal donado et al 2008). However, a number of other studies in shallow water systems demonstrate that some sponge species favour areas with high sedimentation rates (Carballo et al 1996, Bell & Smith 2004, presumably a function of the morpho logical/ physio logical adaptation to such conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid respiratory responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti exposed to suspended sediments

Tjensvoll¹,

Kutti²,

Fosså³

et al. 2013

Aquat. Biol.

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“…The sponge must therefore filter any particles that are in the water around it, including inorganic detritus such as fine sediments disturbed by fish or storms. Although the organic portion of resuspended material might be used by the sponge as food, sponges are irritated by concentrations greater than ~10 mg l −1 (Gerrodette and Flechsig, 1979;Tompkins-MacDonald and Leys, 2008) and contract ostia and/or canals during resuspension events, or in response to storms. The main behaviour of sponges, apart from filtering, is to prevent uptake of unwanted particles that might damage the filter: this occurs either by contractions of canals or, in the case of glass sponges, by arrest of the flagella pumps.…”

Section: Ecology Of Ediacaran Seas Sponge Function and Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements of a ‘nervous system’ in sponges

Leys

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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118

109

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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses show that sponges possess a large repertoire of genes associated with neuronal processes in other animals, but what is the evidence these are used in a coordination or sensory context in sponges? The very different phylogenetic hypotheses under discussion today suggest very different scenarios for the evolution of tissues and coordination systems in early animals. The sponge genomic 'toolkit' either reflects a simple, pre-neural system used to protect the sponge filter or represents the remnants of a more complex signalling system and sponges have lost cell types, tissues and regionalization to suit their current suspensionfeeding habit. Comparative transcriptome data can be informative but need to be assessed in the context of knowledge of sponge tissue structure and physiology. Here, I examine the elements of the sponge neural toolkit including sensory cells, conduction pathways, signalling molecules and the ionic basis of signalling. The elements described do not fit the scheme of a loss of sophistication, but seem rather to reflect an early specialization for suspension feeding, which fits with the presumed ecological framework in which the first animals evolved.

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Glass sponges arrest pumping in response to sediment: implications for the physiology of the hexactinellid conduction system

Cited by 91 publications

References 41 publications

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

The energetic cost of filtration by demosponges and their behavioural response to ambient currents

Rapid respiratory responses of the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti exposed to suspended sediments

Elements of a ‘nervous system’ in sponges

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