Glass forming ability and crystallisation behaviour of sub-alkaline silicate melts

Vetere, Francesco; Iezzi, Gianluca; Behrens, Harald; Holtz, François; Ventura, Guido; Misiti, Valeria; Cavallo, Andrea; Mollo, Silvio; Dietrich, Marcel

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.07.001

Cited by 70 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Then, the melt was rapidly quenched to glass by pouring it on a brass plate. As proved by subsequent Raman spectroscopy analysis on quenched glass (see supporting information Figure S1), the adopted quenching rate allows us to get homogeneous glass, avoiding the occurrence of quench crystals (Vetere et al, , ). Qualitatively, the synthetic composition of Theo's Flow shows very high fluidity during quenching, suggesting a high ability to flow.…”

Section: Starting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the pioneering work of Carmichael (), reporting the rheological importance of the coexistence of crystals and liquid material, melt solidification processes have been investigated via experiments under different applied cooling rates (see Hammer, , for a general summary). Diverse studies at crystal‐melt disequilibrium conditions have been performed (e.g., Lofgren, ; Cashman, ; Lange et al, ; Arzilli & Carroll, ; Vetere et al, , and reference therein), but only recently has even the deformation acting on lavas been taken into account with both laboratory approaches (Kolzenburg et al, ; Kolzenburg et al, ; Kolzenburg et al, ) and direct measurements in the field (Chevrel et al, ). These are extremely important mechanisms that deserve further investigation as most of the magmatic and volcanic environment are controlled by nonequilibrium processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viscosity of Pyroxenite Melt and Its Evolution During Cooling

et al. 2019

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New viscosity experiments at superliquidus temperatures and during cooling at a rate of 10 K/hr have been performed at different shear rates on a synthetic pyroxenite melt. Results revealed that this melt is extremely fluid at temperature between 1646 and 1530 K and measured viscosities are between 2.2 and 7.8 Pa·s. Such very low viscosities allow the lava to flow in turbulent regime as confirmed by the high Reynolds numbers, which are always >2,000. As a consequence, very long distance could be covered by the lava flow. If we consider this studied composition as proxy for Mars lava flows coupled with very high effusion rates, our results might explain the presence of extraordinary large volcanic channels, as recently hypothesized for the Kasei Valles on Mars, even considering that the gravity is approximately one third that of Earth. Few literature data tracking viscosity during cooling are available, and they reported shear thinning effect on different compositions. Our experiments performed at 0.1 and 1 s−1 have shown complex variation in the apparent viscosity, confirming that nonequilibrium rheology represents a still unexplored field of investigation useful to better understand the real geological scenarios occurring in magmatic and volcanic systems.

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Section: Starting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of Pyroxenite Melt and Its Evolution During Cooling

et al. 2019

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“…Etna since the early alkaline products of the Ancient Alkaline Centers (AAC) but also in lavas erupted by recent volcanic activity. Experimental studies (Métrich and Rutherford 1998;Mollo et al 2011;Vetere et al 2015) and pMELTS (Ghiorso et al 2002) simulations (Armienti et al 2004(Armienti et al , 2007Mollo et al 2015a) have demonstrated that cpx forms as an early liquidus phase in conditions relevant to Mt. Etna. Cpx, in fact, crystallizes from a wide range of magmatic compositions and pressures, from mantle depths to the shallow feeding system (<10 km b.s.l.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Etna have highlighted the potential of this mineral in recognizing magma processes occurring within the feeding system, such as mixing and degassing (Viccaro et al 2005(Viccaro et al , 2010Giacomoni et al 2012Giacomoni et al , 2014. However, the use of plagioclase is limited due to its crystallization at relatively shallow depths (<10 km; Lanzafame et al 2013;Giacomoni et al 2014;Mollo et al 2015a;Vetere et al 2015). Hence, we focus our attention on chemical zoning and textural features of clinopyroxene (cpx), which are a very common mineral phase in lavas from Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mt. Etna plumbing system revealed by combined textural, compositional, and thermobarometric studies in clinopyroxenes

Giacomoni

Coltorti

Bryce

et al. 2016

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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International audienceCoupled textural and in situ geochemical studies of clinopyroxene (cpx) phenocrysts, from both historical and recent eruptions of Mt. Etna volcano, provide a means to investigate the processes occurring in the deepest portion of the feeding system (>10 km depth). Five distinct textures were recognized: (1) normal oscillatory zoning, (2) normal zoning with Fe-rich rim, (3) sieve-textured core, (4) reverse oscillatory zoning, and (5) dusty rim. Electron microprobe analyses indicate an almost constant diopside–augite composition, with a slight enrichment in the enstatite for more recent erupted cpx. Core-to-rim compositional profiles, performed along the cpx, reveal distinct compositional characteristics. Normal oscillatory zoning is often characterized by a sharp increase in FeO (Δ ~ 2 wt%) accompanied by a drop in Al2O3 on the outermost 30 μm. Reverse oscillatory zoning, by contrast, exhibits a drop in FeO, Al2O3 (Δ ~ 2 wt%), and a remarkable crystal rim increase in MgO (up to 5 wt%). Similar compositional changes are evident in dusty-textured rims, which are characterized by dissolution edges and overgrowth containing glass pockets and channels. No significant compositional variations have been observed across crystals with sieve-textured cores. Trace element concentrations show enrichments in Sr, La, Zr, and REE, together with a decreasing La/Yb ratio (from ~7 to ~4) in rims of normally zoned crystals. Cpx with reverse zoning and dusty rims has low Sr, La, Zr, and REE contents toward crystal rims. Thermometers and barometers, based on equilibrium cpx-melt pairs, suggest that cpx cores start nucleating at 720 MPa, with the majority of them forming between 600 and 400 MPa but continuing to crystallize until very shallow depths (<100 MPa). Normal oscillatory-zoned phenocrysts surrounded by rims form at pressures shallower than 400 MPa, while reverse zoning and dusty rims occur between 400 and 500 MPa. Coupled petrologic and thermobarometric studies on both clinopyroxenes and plagioclases, associated with detailed textural and in situ geochemical analyses, are promising tools to reconstruct the entire magma ascent path beneath open-system volcanoes. At Mt. Etna, two distinct processes could account for the observed textures: Fe-rich rims in normal oscillatory-zoned crystals can be related to decompression-induced crystallization, while reverse zoning and dusty rims can be produced by mixing with a more basic magma at 400–500 MPa (i.e., ~10 km). Textural features are not restricted to a particular evolutionary phase of the volcano, which suggest that the deep feeding system has not changed significantly since the first alkaline volcanic phase

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“…(2018). Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 6466-6475. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2018GL077799 Carroll, 2013;Cashman, 1993;Kirkpatrick et al, 1981;Lange et al, 1994;Lofgren, 1980;Vetere et al, 2015). Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 6466-6475. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2018GL077799 Carroll, 2013;Cashman, 1993;Kirkpatrick et al, 1981;Lange et al, 1994;Lofgren, 1980;Vetere et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear Rate‐Dependent Disequilibrium Rheology and Dynamics of Basalt Solidification

Kolzenburg

Giordano

Hess

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Magmas and lavas undergo a range of shear rates during transport and emplacement. Further, transport of magma and lava occurs at subliquidus conditions where the melt crystallizes at varying temperature, pressure, and oxygen fugacity. Transport efficiency and eruption style are governed by magma rheology, which evolves during cooling, crystallization and degassing. Quantification of magma rheology rests almost exclusively on experimentation at constant temperature and shear rate. We present the first study on the effect of shear rate on subliquidus basalt rheology at conditions relevant to lava flows and shallow magmatic systems. The results reveal that basalts reach their rheologic death or cutoff temperature (Tcutoff; i.e., the point at which the sample rheologically solidifies and flow stops) at higher temperatures when flowing faster, whereas crystallization is suppressed when the shear rate is low. We explore the implications of shear‐enhanced crystallization for modeling and forecasting of lava flow hazards and our understanding of magma and lava transport/storage systems.

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Glass forming ability and crystallisation behaviour of sub-alkaline silicate melts

Cited by 70 publications

References 86 publications

Viscosity of Pyroxenite Melt and Its Evolution During Cooling

Viscosity of Pyroxenite Melt and Its Evolution During Cooling

Mt. Etna plumbing system revealed by combined textural, compositional, and thermobarometric studies in clinopyroxenes

Shear Rate‐Dependent Disequilibrium Rheology and Dynamics of Basalt Solidification

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