Glass coated compressible solid oxide fuel cell seals

Rautanen, Markus; Thomann, Olivier; Himanen, Olli; Tallgren, Johan; Kiviaho, Jari

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.085

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This leak rate value at 800°C which might be considered as a permeability leak because of the absence of surface leakage is ten times the one found (1.5 · 10 −4 atm·cm 3 ·s −1 ) at room temperature for our vermiculite seal pressed at 200°C but the disagreement might be attributed to the different working temperatures. The leakage rate values and the dimensions for the circular gaskets mentioned by Hoyes and Rautanen (2013) and Rautanen et al (2014) indicate that the radial permeability of a vermiculite (i.e., "Thermiculite® 866") based gasket should be lower than 10 − 16 m 2 under 10 MPa at 1 bar pressure of He, in agreement with our lower radial permeability values (2 · 10 −19 m 2 ). Moreover, this radial permeability value agrees with the values reported for natural clays at nitrogen or air pressure of about 5 bar (Yang, 2008) or intrinsic permeability values of CallovoOxfordian clay (Enssle et al, 2011;Shao et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Contact and Permeability Leakssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Room temperature and high temperature sealing properties and compression properties of compressive gaskets made of micrometric vermiculite particles

Nguyen

Mirabel

Duclaux

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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Section: The Contact and Permeability Leakssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Upon 15 mbar of a mixture of N 2 -H 2 (50/50 vol.) and a compressive stress of 0.4 MPa, the leak rate per unit length of gasket was found to be close to 10 − 4 atm·cm 3 ·s − 1 ·cm − 1 (Rautanen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Room temperature and high temperature sealing properties and compression properties of compressive gaskets made of micrometric vermiculite particles

Nguyen

Mirabel

Duclaux

et al. 2015

Applied Clay Science

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“…However, it was found that the leak rate remains significantly higher compared to glass ceramic seals and that the needed level of compression and the necessary compression system becomes technically challenging for large footprint stack. These inherent issues can be addressed by adding compliant layers of glass or metal on both sides of a compressible seal [3,8,9]. The compliant layers block the main leak path between the seal and the interconnects which leads to a leakage reduction of up to 90% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These inherent issues can be addressed by adding compliant layers of glass or metal on both sides of a compressible seal [3,8,9]. The compliant layers block the main leak path between the seal and the interconnects which leads to a leakage reduction of up to 90% [9]. Additionally, Rautanen et al showed that a compression stress as low as 0.1 MPa can be used with hybrid seals [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-experimental analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell stack using hybrid seals

Thomann¹,

Rautanen²,

Himanen³

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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h i g h l i g h t sPost-experimental analysis of a SOFC stack after 1800 h of operation. Microstructural analysis of the glass-coated hybrid seal. Materials interactions between glass-coated seals and Crofer 22 APU interconnects. Dual exposure of 0.2 mm thin Crofer 22 APU plates in stack operating conditions. a b s t r a c t A post-experimental analysis of a SOFC stack is presented. The stack was operated for 1800 h at 700 C with air and hydrogen and contained hybrid glass-Thermiculite 866 seals. The goal of this work was to investigate the sealing microstructure and possible corrosion during mid-term operation. It was found that hybrid seals could effectively compensate for manufacturing tolerances of cells and other components due to the compliance of the glass layer. Additionally, different interfaces were investigated for corrosion. Corrosion was not observed at two-phase interfaces such as Crofer 22 APU/glass, glass/electrolyte and glass/Thermiculite 866. The three-phase interface between Crofer 22 APU/glass/hydrogen exhibited no corrosion. Some evidence of non-systematic corrosion was found at the Crofer 22 APU/ glass/air interface. The possible reasons for the corrosion are discussed. Lastly, dual exposure to humid hydrogen and air of the 0.2 mm Crofer 22 APU interconnect had no detrimental effect on the corrosion compared to air exposure. Overall the hybrid seals used in combination with the thin interconnects were found to be a promising solution due to the low leak rate and limited material interactions.

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Numerical Study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Contacting Mechanics

et al. 2018

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Assembly of a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or solid electrolyzer (SOE) stack involves the lamination of cells and interconnect plates under an applied load. In most designs a pattern of ribs on the interconnector makes contact with a porous ceramic current collector layer on the air side. These localized contacts are regions of increased stress on the cells and can cause damage if the stresses become too large. In this paper the mechanical response of an anode‐supported cell to localized loads from interconnector ribs is simulated. The simulations show that the critical stress for initiating and propagating a crack in the electrolyte (∼300MPa for a 10 μm thick electrolyte) is reached when the interconnector displacement reaches 20 μm (after touching the cathode) with reduced support, or 30 μm when in an oxidized state. The difference is due to the lower stiffness of the reduced support. The residual compressive stress in the electrolyte layer has a major protective effect for the electrolyte. It is concluded that fracture is very unlikely for a geometrically perfect contact, but if the contact is non‐uniform due to manufacturing variability in the contact plate or cell, local displacements >∼20 μm can be dangerous. The simulations are used in an example of contacting geometry optimization.

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Glass coated compressible solid oxide fuel cell seals

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Room temperature and high temperature sealing properties and compression properties of compressive gaskets made of micrometric vermiculite particles

Room temperature and high temperature sealing properties and compression properties of compressive gaskets made of micrometric vermiculite particles

Post-experimental analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell stack using hybrid seals

Numerical Study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Contacting Mechanics

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