Glass-ceramic glazes for future generation floor tiles

The effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the structure and microstructure of the glazes from SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO–Na2O–K2O system

“…Further work [7][8][9][10] explain the mechanisms of binding of modifiers cations with alumino-silico-oxygen framework by non-bridged oxygens. Modern research work is focused on the possibilities of modifying the properties of the glazes by influencing the degree of amorphization of the glass framework and controlled crystallization [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The influence of grain size distribution on selected surface parameters was discussed by Partyka and Lis [20].…”

Compound reinforcement of glaze wear resistance by prestress and second grain phase

“…Thus, R 0 -G 1 and R 0 -G 2 possessed strongest pressure stresses, whereas R 15 -G 1 and R 15 -G 2 possessed weakest pressure stresses in the G 1 and G 2 sample series, respectively. Because the thermal expansivity of R 15 was lower than that of G 2 , the sample R 15 -G 2 suffered tensile stress, which could be dened as a negative value of pressure stress. Moreover, with an increase in the pressure stresses of the glazes, the weight losses of the samples diminished accordingly; this was attributed to the stronger wear resistance performance.…”

“…However, a relevant problem of ceramic tiles is that wear inevitably occurs on the glazes. [6][7][8][9][10][11] To address this problem, multiple methods have been developed including the addition of hard particles with high-temperature stability to the glaze, crystallization of hard grains from the glaze, and enhancement of the alumina/silica ratio or reduction in the amount of uxing agent; [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] this is because most of the hard grains, such as zircon, spinel, mullite and gahnite, exhibit higher refraction indices than the glass phase that results in the opaque appearance of the glaze. Thus, hard grains are widely used to enhance the wear resistance of opaque glazes.…”

Study of a quantitative method to evaluate the wear resistance of glazed tiles

“…But a relevant problem of ceramic tiles is that wear occurs on glazes inevitably . Many methods are developed to address such problem, inclusive of the addition of high temperature stability hard particle, crystallizing hard grains from frit, changing the ingredient of glaze by increasing the alumina/silica ratio, or reducing the amount of fluxing agent, etc . However, no uniform quantitative scientific method was capable of characterizing the surface wear resistance of ceramic glaze though all of these works reported that the wear resistance of glaze is increased.…”