Glasgow prognostic score predicts therapeutic outcome after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Abstract. Systemic inflammation, as evidenced by the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), predicts cancer-specific survival in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of the GPS in the therapeutic outcome of the patient following surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. In total, 144 patients underwent surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. For the assessment of systemic inflammatory response using the GPS, patients were classified into three groups: Patients with normal serum albumin (<3.5 g/dl) and normal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (≤1.0 mg/dl) were classified as GPS 0 (n=76), those with low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dl) or elevated serum CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) were classified as GPS 1 (n=58), and those with low serum albumin (<3.5 g/dl) and elevated serum CRP (>1.0 mg/dl) were classified as GPS 2 (n=10). Retrospectively, the relationship between patient characteristics including GPS, disease-free as well as overall survival were investigated. In disease-free survival, GPS 2 (P=0.019), with a tumor number ≥3 (P=0.004), and positive portal or venous invasion (P= 0.034) were independent predictors of cancer recurrence in multivariate analysis. In overall survival, GPS 1 (P= 0.042), GPS 2 (P<0.001) and positive portal or venous invasion (P<0.001) were independent predictors of poor patient outcome according to multivariate analysis. To conclude, the GPS in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is an independent prognostic predictor after hepatic resection.

Risk estimation for biliary tract cancer: Development and validation of a prognostic score

“…Here, we show that markers of systemic inflammation (CRP), biliary obstruction (bilirubin) and liver function (INR) are prognostically important in BTC. CRP, eg, used in the Glasgow Prognosis Score are known to influence survival in BTC . Also, Bilirubinand metastasis have been previously described as prognostic in BTC and used in scores.…”

“…CRP, eg, used in the Glasgow Prognosis Score are known to influence survival in BTC. 8,15,[24][25][26][27] Also, Bilirubin 7,19,25,28 and metastasis 28 have been previously described as prognostic in BTC and used in scores.…”

A Multi-parametric Prognostic Model Based on Clinical Features and Serological Markers Predicts Overall Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection

“…The following relevant clinical and serological data were collected for each enrolled patient at the time of diagnosis before any treatment: The data included age; gender, family history, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, clinical treatment, Tumor Node Metastasis stage (TNM stage) [17], white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (N), lymphocyte (L), platelet (PLT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B envelope antibody(HBeAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), apolipoprotein AI (APOA), apolipoprotein B (APOB), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL). NLR was the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [18]; PLR was the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte [18]; SLR was the ratio of AST to ALT [19]; ABR was the ratio of APOA to APOB [20]; CAR was the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio [21]; prognostic index (PI): score 0 for CRP 10 mg/L or less and white cell count 11×10 9 /L or less, patients with only one of these abnormalities were allocated a score of 1, and if both of them were elevated were allocated a score of 2 [22]; the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculatedaccording to the following formula: Alb (g/L) + 5×lymphocyte count×10 9 /L: score 0 for PNI > 45; score 1 if patients with PNI ≤ 45 [23]; Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) was classi ed as follows: patients with serum CRP > 10 mg/L and albumin < 35 g/Lwere classi ed as GPS 2; patients with CRP > 10 mg/L or albumin < 35 g/L were classi ed as GPS 1; patients with serum CRP ≤ 10mg/mL and albumin > 35 g/Lwere classi ed as GPS 0 [24].…”

A Multi-Parametric Prognostic Model Based on Clinical Features and Serological Markers Predicts Overall Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection

“…The following relevant clinical and serological data were collected for each enrolled patient at the time of diagnosis before any treatment: The data included age; gender, family history, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, clinical treatment, Tumor Node Metastasis stage (TNM stage) (Edge et al 2010), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils (N), lymphocyte (L), platelet (PLT), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B envelope antibody(HBeAb), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), apolipoprotein AI (APOA), apolipoprotein B (APOB), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL). NLR was the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (Diem et al 2017); PLR was the ratio of platelet to lymphocyte (Diem et al 2017); SLR was the ratio of AST to ALT (Lee et al 2017); ABR was the ratio of APOA to APOB (Chang et al 2007); CAR was the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (Deng et al 2018); prognostic index (PI): score 0 for CRP 10 mg/L or less and white cell count 11 × 10 9 /L or less, patients with only one of these abnormalities were allocated a score of 1, and if both of them were elevated were allocated a score of 2(Kasymjanova et al 2010); the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated according to the following formula: Alb (g/L) + 5 × lymphocyte count × 10 9 /L: score 0 for PNI > 45; score 1 if patients with PNI ≤ 45 (He et al 2018); Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) was classi ed as follows: patients with serum CRP > 10 mg/L and albumin < 35 g/L were classi ed as GPS 2; patients with CRP > 10 mg/L or albumin < 35 g/L were classi ed as GPS 1; patients with serum CRP ≤ 10 mg/mL and albumin > 35 g/L were classi ed as GPS 0 (Shiba et al 2017).…”