Glasgow Coma Scale flow chart: a beginner's guide

Okamura, Kumiko

doi:10.12968/bjon.2014.23.20.1068

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We aimed for the scale to resemble commonly used human coma scales (i.e. Glasgow Coma Scale (54,55), the FOUR Score (56), and the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (57)) while incorporating behavioral observations made by our investigator team in the first subset (20 animals) of rats that underwent coma induction. We name this scale the "Tübingen-Boston Rat Coma Scale" (RCS).…”

Section: Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal assessment of recovery from coma in a rat model of diffuse brainstem tegmentum injury

et al. 2019

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Despite the association between brainstem lesions and coma, a mechanistic understanding of coma pathogenesis and recovery is lacking. We developed a coma model in the rat mimicking human brainstem coma, which allowed multimodal analysis of a brainstem tegmentum lesion's effects on behavior, cortical electrophysiology, and global brain functional connectivity. After coma induction, we observed a transient period (~1h) of unresponsiveness accompanied by cortical burst-suppression. Comatose rats then gradually regained behavioral responsiveness concurrent with emergence of delta/theta-predominant cortical rhythms in primary somatosensory cortex. During the acute stage of coma recovery (~1 to 8h), longitudinal resting-state functional MRI revealed an increase in functional connectivity between subcortical arousal nuclei in the thalamus, basal forebrain, and basal ganglia and cortical regions implicated in awareness. This rat coma model provides an experimental platform to systematically study network-based mechanisms of coma pathogenesis and recovery, as well as to test targeted therapies aimed at promoting recovery of consciousness after coma.

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Section: Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal assessment of recovery from coma in a rat model of diffuse brainstem tegmentum injury

et al. 2019

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“…We initiated a retrospective on 29 patients (17 women:12 men) who were diagnosed with CVST by magnetic resonance venography (MRV) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China between January 2011 and November 2015. The following information was recorded: Age, symptoms, etiological factors, onset, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) applied as described by Okamura et al ( 17 ), location of the thrombus, recanalization, outcome and complications. Systemic anticoagulation was the initial treatment for all patients following admission.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stent retriever thrombectomy combined with local thrombolytic therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A case report

Chen

Wang

et al. 2017

Exp Ther Med

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The present study reports the effect of successful treatment of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) with stent retriever thrombectomy combined with local thrombolytic therapy. Medical records of 29 patients were retrospectively analyzed following a diagnosis of CVST with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Systemic anticoagulation was the initial treatment in all patients following admission. In group A, stent retriever thrombectomy combined with local thrombolytic therapy was performed on 14 patients who met the criteria of endovascular therapy. Stent-assisted angioplasty was also performed when patients presented with venous sinus stenosis. A total of 15 patients in group B received systemic anticoagulant treatment. Subsequently, warfarin was administered orally for 3 to 12 months as a continuous anticoagulant therapy. International normalized ratio was monitored when patients were receiving anticoagulant therapy. Additionally, clinical presentation, decision to escalate therapy, recanalization, Glasgow Coma Scale, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the clinical outcome was assessed. A total of 14 patients (9 female patients, 5 male patients), with ages ranging from 17 to 57 years, met the criteria of endovascular therapy. The clinical symptoms of 12 patients had improved after receiving endovascular therapy and only 2 patients suffered from intracranial hemorrhage following the procedure. Complete recanalization of venous sinus was exhibited in 10/14 (71.4%) patients in group A when compared with 1/15 (6.7%) patients in group B. mRS were improved in the 12-month follow-up in groups A and B when compared with that at admission. In the present study, patients with acute CVST treated with stent retriever thrombectomy combined with local thrombolytic therapy had a favorable outcome. To conclude, the present study provides a treatment option in treating CVST, particularly for patients that present with evident cortical venous outflow stasis or deteriorate neurology, despite appropriate anticoagulant therapy.

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“…In the originally article by Jennett and Teasdale (1974) they suggested using a peripheral stimulus first to see what response the person produces. Several authors refer to the application of a peripherally applied painful stimulus to determine eye opening response in these circumstances (Frawley , Waterhouse , Okamura ). In addition, it has been advocated that this approach is adopted first as the application of a central stimuli can result in the person closing their eyes in response and inducing a grimace (Jennett and Teasdale 1974, Frawley ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Glasgow Coma Scale and evidence‐informed practice: a critical review of where we are and where we need to be

Braine

Cook

2016

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Glasgow Coma Scale flow chart: a beginner's guide

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Multimodal assessment of recovery from coma in a rat model of diffuse brainstem tegmentum injury

Multimodal assessment of recovery from coma in a rat model of diffuse brainstem tegmentum injury

Stent retriever thrombectomy combined with local thrombolytic therapy for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A case report

The Glasgow Coma Scale and evidence‐informed practice: a critical review of where we are and where we need to be

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