Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: A Case Report of a Rare Inherited Coagulation Disorder Presenting with Traumatic Head Injury

Abstract

This case study deals with a 32-year-old Indian male patient who presented with a traumatic head injury in the hospital, experienced uncontrolled bleeding after conducting surgery, and was eventually diagnosed with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare hereditary blood clotting disorder characterised by a lack of platelet aggregation due to the absence of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. This occurrence is generally triggered by consanguineous marriages and is apparent in approximately one in one million people. Education and raising awareness about consanguinity in communities may help to reduce challenging, unusual genetic diseases.

Two case reports of Glanzmann thrombocytopenia with intracranial hemorrhage and a review of the literature

“…reported a complicated case of intracranial bleeding in a patient with undiagnosed GT, which required multiple surgical interventions to deal with the uncontrolled bleeding. [ 7 ] Like our first case, Fernández-Castellano et al . are the only ones to report spontaneous epidural bleeding in a known case of GT, but, in this case, the patient underwent two surgeries for two different EDHs during the same admission.…”

“…[2] Similarly, Chakati et al reported a complicated case of intracranial bleeding in a patient with undiagnosed GT, which required multiple surgical interventions to deal with the uncontrolled bleeding. [7] Like our first case, Fernández-Castellano et al are the only ones to report spontaneous epidural bleeding in a known case of GT, but, in this case, the patient underwent two surgeries for two different EDHs during the same admission. [8] On the other hand, Yamahata et al did not report any difficulties in dealing with EDH in a 7-year-old girl who presented after falling; the patient underwent craniotomy with hematoma evacuation.…”

“…Three were pediatric cases, and three were adults. [ 2 , 5 , 7 ] Unlike our first case but like the second, the underlying cause of bleeding was due to traumatic injury (fall, surgical intervention, and motor vehicle accident) in five of the studies; only one involved spontaneous bleeding. [ 8 ] Bell and Savidge were the first to report a case of spinal dural hemorrhage in a patient with GT.…”

“…[14] A literature search for cases of CNS bleeding in patients with GT yielded six studies, four of which included intracranial bleeding, and two were in the spinal cord. [2,5,7,8,12,17] Patients' ages ranged from 6 to 34. ree were pediatric cases, and three were adults.…”