Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia with Involuntary Upper and Lower GI Bleeding: A Case Report

Abstract

A rarely seen bleeding illness called Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is inherited via the autosomal recessive gene. Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (integrin aIIbb3) structural abnormalities and malfunction play a major role in the development of GT. The most prevalent signs of GT are various types of bleeding, including menorrhagia in females, recurrent nasal bleeding, mucocutaneous bleeding, and continuous bleeding after injury or surgery. Some patients may not survive after undergoing such a hemorrhage. It is unusual for GT to experience spontaneous upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhages. In this case study, a young boy with accidental bleeding in vomitus and fresh blood in his stool was hospitalized. His primary GT is an uncommon autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by dysfunctional platelet aggregation symptoms that were sporadic and recurring chronic fresh blood in his stool. Blood dripped from the stomach body wall during the gastroscopy. However, except for petechiae no visible lesions were discovered, like erosion or ulceration. Further investigations revealed that the patient's BT and CT were prolonged and platelet aggregation was poor. After receiving aggressive treatment, the patient showed clinical improvement and was eventually diagnosed with GT.