Glandular Hairs: Pupal Chemical Defense in a Non-Native Ladybird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Smedley, Scott R.; Lafleur, Katie A.; Gibbons, Leah K.; Arce, Josè E.; Brown, Joel T.; Lozier, Michelle L.

doi:10.1656/1092-6194(2002)009[0253:ghpcdi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The droplets may chemically prevent ants from preying on the pupae because their presence deterred ant feeding. Several studies have reported repellent effects of coccinellid pupal droplets against ants, including in Epilachna varivesti (Attygalle et al, 1993), Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (Smedley et al, 2002), Delphastus catalina (Deyrup et al, 2014) and against a predaceous coccinellid beetle and a cockroach in E. varivesti (Rossini, González, Farmer, Meinwald, & Eisner, 2000). The chemicals present in pupal droplets are azamacrolides in E. varivestis (Attygalle et al, 1993), tocopheryl acetates and ployazamacrolides in E. borealis (Attygalle et al, 1996;Schröder, Smedley, Gibbons et al, 1998;Schröder et al, 2000), ployazamacrolides in S. vigintiquatuorpunctata (Gronquist & Meinwald, 2001; and tricyclic pyrones and sesquiterpenoids in D. catalinae (Deyrup et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…| 469 Eisner, & Meinwald, 1993;Attygalle, Smedley, Eisner, & Meinwald, 1996;Deyrup et al, 2014;Lu, Souphanya, & Montgomery, 2002;Montgomery et al, 2002;Smedley et al, 2002). These droplets often contain harmful chemicals such as azamacrolides, polyazamacrolides and sesquiterpenoids (Attygalle et al, 1993(Attygalle et al, , 1996Deyrup et al, 2014;, Schröder, Smedley, Gibbons et al, 1998, Schröder et al, 2000Smedley et al, 2002), which likely act as a defence against enemies. Predatory ladybirds and ants were reportedly observed to back away and clean themselves after touching the droplets (Attygalle et al, 1993;Deyrup et al, 2014;Schröder, Smedley, Gibbons et al, 1998;Smedley et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These droplets often contain harmful chemicals such as azamacrolides, polyazamacrolides and sesquiterpenoids (Attygalle et al, 1993(Attygalle et al, , 1996Deyrup et al, 2014;, Schröder, Smedley, Gibbons et al, 1998, Schröder et al, 2000Smedley et al, 2002), which likely act as a defence against enemies. Predatory ladybirds and ants were reportedly observed to back away and clean themselves after touching the droplets (Attygalle et al, 1993;Deyrup et al, 2014;Schröder, Smedley, Gibbons et al, 1998;Smedley et al, 2002). Furthermore, a characteristic structure known as the "gin trap", which lies between the abdominal tergites of a pupa, is found to act as jaws in the tribe Coccinellini (Escalona et al, 2017), suggesting that it contributes to defence (Eisner & Eisner, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Combined use of two defensive traits in pupae of Scymnus posticalis ladybirds

2018

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Coccinellid pupae have various defensive traits, such as keeping their final‐instar larval exuviae and secreting droplets containing defensive chemicals at the tips of glandular hairs. Although each of these traits has been described separately in different species, it is unclear how each defensive trait functions when more than one trait coexists. We found that pupae of the ladybird Scymnus posticalis have two different types of traits; they were partially covered with their own final‐instar larval exuviae, with thick wax structures, and had many glandular hairs secreting transparent droplets on the exposed parts of the body without waxy exuviae (head and medial parts of thoracic and abdominal dorsum). In this study, the defensive effects of these two traits were evaluated against two ant species, Tetramorium tsushimae and Lasius japonicus, which are potential predators. When encountering a pupa, neither ant species were able to make frequent physical contact with the exposed parts of the pupa because of the presence of the waxy exuviae. When touching the exposed body part that was covered with droplets, both ant species immediately stepped backward and then swept their antennae. The droplets suppressed ant feeding when mixed with sucrose solution, suggesting that the droplets contain repellent chemicals. These results indicate that the two traits of S. posticalis pupae (the larval waxy exuviae and the droplets) effectively play defensive roles against ants, functioning as a physical obstruction and a chemical repellent, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Combined use of two defensive traits in pupae of Scymnus posticalis ladybirds

2018

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“…Ladybeetle pupae may also be preyed upon by conspecific ladybeetle larvae or by intraguild predators (Osawa, ; Hironori & Katsuhiro, ; Sakuratani et al ., ; Félix & Soares, ; Lucas, , ). Many coccinellids species have, however, developed different morphological (gin traps, Eisner & Eisner, ; glandular setae, Attygalle et al ., ; and hairs, Schroeder et al ., ; Smedley et al ., ; coarse setae, Montgomery et al ., 2002; Lu et al ., ; and behavioral, flipping, Lucas, , ; moving away from host aphid colony, Osawa, ; Lucas et al ., ) mechanisms to overcome this pupal vulnerability. Another intriguing characteristic about coccinellid pupae is that they are sometimes observed to be clumped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism against cannibalism and intraguild predation

et al. 2015

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Coccinellid pupae use an array of defensive strategies against their natural enemies. This study aims to assess the efficiency of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against intraguild predators and cannibals in coccinellid. The study was designed specifically (i) to determine the natural occurrence of gregarious pupation in the field for different coccinellid species, and (ii) to evaluate the adaptive value of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against 2 types of predators (i.e., cannibals and intraguild predators). In the field, gregarious pupation consisted of a group of 2-5 pupae. The proportion of gregarious pupation observed varied according to species, the highest rate being observed with Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coccinellidae; 14.17%). Gregarious pupation had no impact on the probability that intraguild predators and cannibals locate pupae. Intraguild predation occurred more often in site with gregarious pupation, while cannibalism occurred as often in site with gregarious pupation as in site with isolated pupa. However, for a specific pupa, the mortality rate was higher for isolated pupae than for pupae located in a gregarious pupation site both in the presence of intraguild predators and in the presence of cannibals. The spatial location of pupae within the group had no impact on mortality rate. Since it reduces the risk of predation, it is proposed that gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism for H. axyridis pupae.

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Life History and Development

Nedvěd

Honěk

2012

Ecology and Behaviour of the Ladybird Beetles (Coccinellidae)

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Glandular Hairs: Pupal Chemical Defense in a Non-Native Ladybird Beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Combined use of two defensive traits in pupae of Scymnus posticalis ladybirds

Combined use of two defensive traits in pupae of Scymnus posticalis ladybirds

Gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism against cannibalism and intraguild predation

Life History and Development

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