Glaciers of the Washington Cascade and Olympic Mountains; Their Present Activity and its Relation to Local Climatic Trends

Hubley, Richard C.

doi:10.3189/002214356793701938

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This climatic change at Banff is similar to o ne in the Pacific North -West discussed by Hubley (1956). Hubley used meteorological data from Tatoosh Island which is on the coast some 720 km.…”

Section: Annual Variations In Velocitysupporting

confidence: 59%

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Variations in Velocity of Athabasca Glacier with Time

Paterson

1964

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. The physical setting of the Athabasca G lacier is described. Ablation of ice from the glacier contributes roughly 40 per cent of the annual outAow from the lake at the terminus. Variations of ice velocity, m easured over periods ranging from a week to four months, are discussed. Few if any of these variations can be exp la in ed by changes of ice thickness. Variations in the amount of water at the glacier bed provide a plausible explanation however, and the data lend some support to W eertman's ideas on this subject. Variations in annual velocity of t he g lacier are not correlated with stream Row, but passage of a kinematic wave provides an expla nation of these variations. The wave is a ttributed to a climatic change which began a bout 1938.RESU~If .. Nous don nons une description du caractere physique du Athabasca Glacier. L'ablation de la glace de ce glacier contri bue pour approximativement 40 % dans le d e bit annuel du lac situe au front du glaci er. Nous avons fait d es mesures de la vitesse de la g lace pendant des periodes d'une semaine a 4 mois.

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Section: Annual Variations In Velocitysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Between 1938 and 195'2 mean annual a ir temperature decreased by 0 ' 9 0 C. The first observed effect of this climatic change on g laciers in the Pacific North-West was a thickening of the Nisqually Glacier near the equilibrium line in 1945. By 1955,50 out of 73 glaciers observed in the area were advancing (Hubley, 1956). …”

Section: Annual Variations In Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Velocity of Athabasca Glacier with Time

Paterson

1964

J. Glaciol.

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“…Three specific period of glacier behavior are evident for the last century. The first is a ubiquitous rapid retreat of Pacific Northwest alpine glaciers from 1890 to 1949 due to progressive temperature rise (Meier and Post, 1962;Hubley, 1956). The second period from was in response to cooler and wetter conditions (Hubley, 1956).…”

Section: Terminus Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations

Pelto

2010

The Cryosphere

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Abstract.Temperate alpine glacier survival is dependent on the consistent presence of an accumulation zone. Frequent low accumulation area ratio values, below 30%, indicate the lack of a consistent accumulation zone, which leads to substantial thinning of the glacier in the accumulation zone. This thinning is often evident from substantial marginal recession, emergence of new rock outcrops and surface elevation decline in the accumulation zone. In the North Cascades 9 of the 12 examined glaciers exhibit characteristics of substantial accumulation zone thinning; marginal recession or emergent bedrock areas in the accumulation zone. The longitudinal profile thinning factor, f , which is a measure of the ratio of thinning in the accumulation zone to that at the terminus, is above 0.6 for all glaciers exhibiting accumulation zone thinning characteristics. The ratio of accumulation zone thinning to cumulative mass balance is above 0.5 for glacier experiencing substantial accumulation zone thinning. Without a consistent accumulation zone these glaciers are forecast not to survive the current climate or future additional warming. The results vary considerably with adjacent glaciers having a different survival forecast. This emphasizes the danger of extrapolating survival from one glacier to the next.

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“…These studies also indicate that the recent advance of g laciers discussed by Hubley (Hubley, 1956) was largely confined to the States of Washington and Oregon, and it appears that glaciers in the other states have been very close to equilibrium since about 1950.…”

Section: United States Glac I 0logical Researchesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…7) peculiarities of glacier run-off (Meier, 1958). South Cascade Glacier is located in the heart of the Northern Cascade Range, where recent observations of advancing g laciers have attracted considerable attention (Hubley, 1956) . In size, orien tation, and a ltitude, this glacier is rather similar to the Blue Glacier so that valid comparisons can be made.…”

Section: United States Glac I 0logical Researchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States Glaciological Researches during the International Geophysical Year

1962

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ABSTRACT. Th e U .S. IG Y program in glacio logy is rev iewed in two p a rts : Antarc ti ca a nd n orthern latitudes . Th e obj ectives of the program are outlined and the results o f ea ch investigation are briefly summari zed . A se para te discuss ion o f o b servations relat ed to cha nges in th e Earth's ice cover is included . R ESU ME. Le programme glac io logique des E tats-U nis pendant l'A GI est pr esent e en d e ux parties : l'Antarctiqu e e t les latitudes du n vrd . Les buts du progra mme sont ex p oses e t les r esultats d e ch a que investigation son t bri evement indiqu es. Un e discussion se paree tra ite des ob ser va ti ons li ees it la varia tion de la couverture d e gl ace de la terre. IT is convenient to consider the IGY glaciology investigations o f th e United Sta tes in two parts : Anta rctica and northern la titudes . In the Antarctic, emph asis was necessa rily placed on descriptive studies which are basic for more comprehensive g laciological research ; some d etailed programs were a lso conducted. In the Northern Hemisphere program , primary emphasis was placed on detail ed stud ies of chosen glaciers, a ltho ugh some reco nnaissa nce studi es were also conducted. ANTARCTICA PR E-IGYReference sho uld be made here to a publication issued lly th e National A cademy of Sciences (U .S. National Academy of Sciences, 1961, p . 38-41 ) . Although the co ntinent was sig hted as ea rl y a s the 1820'S, the first recorded landing was not m a d e until 1895 . The inl a nd ice was first seen in 1903 by Sco tt's pa rty in Vic toria Land , but th e first wintering on the inland ice was no t accomplished until 1956 at the U .S.S .R. Pio nerska ya Statio n in East An tarctica. The progress of glacio logical resea rch a nd the genera l state of know led ge regarding the Anta rctic ice cover prior to the IGY have been summari zed in English by L. C o uld a nd N. E. Odell , and in German by R. von Klebelsberg a nd H.-P. Kosack. The first truly interna tional effort-th e N orwegia n-British-Swedish Anta rctic Expedition of I 949-52-introduced compreh ensive geophysica l studies of the ice shelves of western Dronning M a ud L a nd and the adjoining inland ice, based o n the new concepts developed by H. W. Ahlma nn a nd H. U.Sverdrup in the North Atla ntic a rea . In ma n y ways this ex peditio n esta blished th e pattern o f the IGY glacio logy program .The pre-IGY expeditions a dded much to the knowledge o f the ice shee t and its spec ia l fea tures . Bu t, fo r th e mos t pa rt, it ha d not been possible before th e I C Y to do more tha n stud y o ne a rea, eith er in th e vicinity o f a base camp or on an overla nd trek. Expeditions we re isola ted in th eir own segm ent I)f the co ntinent, and re la ti vely little continuit y or coo rdination of o bserva tions co uld even be a ttempted . As la te as 1930, th e interi o r o f th e con tin ent , comprising• T he origina l m an usc ri p ts of thi s a rti c le from th e th ree aut hors were co-o rd ina ted b y Or. Pembro ke J . H a rt o f th e :\" a t...

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Glaciers of the Washington Cascade and Olympic Mountains; Their Present Activity and its Relation to Local Climatic Trends

Cited by 74 publications

References 1 publication

Variations in Velocity of Athabasca Glacier with Time

Variations in Velocity of Athabasca Glacier with Time

Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations

The United States Glaciological Researches during the International Geophysical Year

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