Glaciation in the arctic

Kotlyakov, V. M.; Глазовский, А. Ф.; Фролов, И. Э.

doi:10.1134/s1019331610020073

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dowdeswell et al, 2008;Moon and Joughin, 2008;Pritchard et al, 2009;Sole et al, 2008) and was linked to changes in sea ice concentrations (Carr et al, 2014). However, the pattern of frontal-position changes on NVZ prior to 1992 is uncertain, and previous results indicate different trends, dependant on the study period: some studies suggest glaciers were comparatively stable or retreating slowly between 1964 and 1993 (Zeeberg and Forman, 2001), whilst others indicate large reductions in both the volume (Kotlyakov et al, 2010) and the length of the ice coast (Sharov, 2005) from ∼ 1950 to 2000, and longer-term retreat (Chizov et al, 1968;Koryakin, 2013;Shumsky, 1949). Consequently, it is difficult to contextualize the observed period of rapid retreat from ∼ 2000 until 2010 (Carr et al, 2014) and to determine if it was exceptional or part of an ongoing trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Novaya Zemlya (NVZ) has experienced rapid ice loss and accelerated marine-terminating glacier retreat during the past 2 decades. However, it is unknown whether this retreat is exceptional longer term and/or whether it has persisted since 2010. Investigating this is vital, as dynamic thinning may contribute substantially to ice loss from NVZ, but is not currently included in sea level rise predictions. Here, we use remotely sensed data to assess controls on NVZ glacier retreat between 1973/76 and 2015. Glaciers that terminate into lakes or the ocean receded 3.5 times faster than those that terminate on land. Between 2000 and 2013, retreat rates were significantly higher on marine-terminating outlet glaciers than during the previous 27 years, and we observe widespread slowdown in retreat, and even advance, between 2013 and 2015. There were some common patterns in the timing of glacier retreat, but the magnitude varied between individual glaciers. Rapid retreat between 2000 and 2013 corresponds to a period of significantly warmer air temperatures and reduced sea ice concentrations, and to changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We need to assess the impact of this accelerated retreat on dynamic ice losses from NVZ to accurately quantify its future sea level rise contribution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

et al. 2017

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“…NZEM's present-day average temperatures are 3 • C higher than in the 19 th century [31]. Atmospheric warming throughout the first decades of the 20 th century contributed to glacier shrinkage [32], during which glaciers in the region lost mass with an average rate between 0.16 and 0.30 meters of water equivalent per year [3,13,22,33,34]. The process was not uniform in time, but consisted of a warm first phase between the 1920's and the 1960's with extremely fast retreat rates (greater than 300 m/yr), followed by a second phase between the 1960's and the 1990's characterized by less negative mass balance and lower retreat rates (50 -150 m/yr).…”

Section: Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process was not uniform in time, but consisted of a warm first phase between the 1920's and the 1960's with extremely fast retreat rates (greater than 300 m/yr), followed by a second phase between the 1960's and the 1990's characterized by less negative mass balance and lower retreat rates (50 -150 m/yr). [22,32]. Zeeberg and Forman [32] observed that the decadal variability in mass balance on NZEM is linked to long-term shifting of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns caused by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).…”

Section: Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…colder atmospheric conditions and lower ocean temperatures, which slowed down the glacial retreat [32]. Several studies have shown that the NZEM has been experiencing a state of prolonged negative mass balance [6,11,22,36]. Moholdt et al [11] used satellite laser altimetry from ICESat and gravity data from GRACE between October 2003 and October 2009 to estimate a glacier loss of 7.6±1.2 to 5.8±3.0 Gt/yr, with rapid glacier thinning at elevations below 500 m (0.9 m/yr).…”

Section: Prior Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Balance of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian High Arctic, using Time-Variable Gravity from GRACE and Altimetry Data from ICESat and Cryosat-2

Ciracì¹,

Sutterley²

2018

Preprint

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We examine the mass balance of the glaciers in the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, located in the Russian High Arctic using time series of time-variable gravity from the NASA/DLR Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, laser altimetry data from the NASA Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission, and radar altimetry data from the ESA CryoSat-2 mission. We present a new algorithm for detecting changes in glacier elevation from these satellite altimetry data and evaluate its performance in the case Novaya Zemlya by comparing the results with GRACE. We find that the mass loss of Novaya Zemlya increased from 10±5 Gt/yr over 2003-2009 to 14±4 Gt/yr over 2010-2016, with a brief period of near mass balance between 2009 and 2011. The results are consistent across the gravimetric and altimetric methods. Furthermore, the analysis of elevation change from CryoSat-2 indicates that 60\% of the mass loss occurs at low elevation, where thinning rates are highest. We also find that marine-terminating glaciers in Novaya Zemlya are thinning significantly faster than land-terminating glaciers, which indicates an important role of ice dynamics of marine-terminating glaciers. We posit that the glacier changes have been caused by changes in atmospheric and ocean temperatures. We find that the increase in mass loss after 2010 is associated with a warming in air temperatures, which increased the surface melt rates. There is no enough information on the ocean temperature at the front of the glaciers to conclude on the role of the ocean, but we posit that the temperature of subsurface ocean waters must have increased during the observation period.

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“…It is not known whether the glaciers that once fed these ice shelves have accelerated and thinned in a manner similar to Antarctic feeder glaciers. Small ice shelves are present in the Russian Arctic [ Dowdeswell et al ., ], a region that is relatively lightly studied compared to Svalbard, Arctic Canada, or Greenland [e.g., Carr et al ., ; Kotlyakov et al ., ; Matsuo and Heki , ]. The most southern of the Russian ice shelves occur at the Severnya Zemlya Archipelago (SevZ) (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outlet glacier response to the 2012 collapse of the Matusevich Ice Shelf, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

2015

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The Matusevich Ice Shelf (MIS), located within the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian Arctic, rapidly broke apart between 10 August and 7 September 2012. We examine the response of the outlet glaciers that fed the MIS from local ice caps to the removal of the ice shelf. We use spaceborne laser altimetry and multiple optically derived digital elevation models to track ice surface elevation change rates (dh/dt) between 1984 and 2014. Glacier speeds are measured by pixel‐tracking from optical and RADAR imagery between 2010 and 2014 and interferometric synthetic aperture radar in 1995 to compare precollapse and postcollapse velocities. We find that the three main outlet glaciers that fed the MIS are thinning an order of magnitude more rapidly than most of the rest of Severnaya Zemyla, based upon ICESat data from 2003 to 2009. Recent, 2012 to 2014 thinning rates are three to four times faster than the 30 year average thinning rate, calculated between 1984 and 2014. The springtime speeds of the largest outlet glacier (Issledovateley) have increased more than 200% at the terminus between April 2010 and April 2014. To date, changes in surface elevation (dh/dt) and velocity at the outlet glaciers near MIS are smaller than glacier responses to ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. It is possible that the MIS was already very weak prior to the 2012 collapse and unable to support back stress. Further observations are required to assess whether the thinning and nonmelt season glacier speeds are continuing to accelerate.

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Glaciation in the arctic

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

Mass Balance of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian High Arctic, using Time-Variable Gravity from GRACE and Altimetry Data from ICESat and Cryosat-2

Outlet glacier response to the 2012 collapse of the Matusevich Ice Shelf, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

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Glaciation in the arctic

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

Exceptional retreat of Novaya Zemlya's marine-terminating outlet glaciers between 2000 and 2013

Mass Balance of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago,&nbsp;Russian High Arctic, using Time-Variable Gravity&nbsp;from GRACE and Altimetry Data from ICESat and&nbsp;Cryosat-2

Outlet glacier response to the 2012 collapse of the Matusevich Ice Shelf, Severnaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

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Mass Balance of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian High Arctic, using Time-Variable Gravity from GRACE and Altimetry Data from ICESat and Cryosat-2