Glacial-Meteorological Observations on Icecaps in Baffin Island

Orvig, Svenn

doi:10.1080/20014422.1954.11880867

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…This constant "SO" in (2) is also consistent with the general observation that significant ablation occurs only where the monthly mean temperature rises much above --7 OC in summer (e.g., Orvig, 1954;Bull and Carnein, 1968). The non-linear cutoff in (2), basically due to the transition from melting to evaporation, corresponds to the non-linear temperature dependence (roughly T 2 to T 3 ) suggested by Ahlmann (1948).…”

Section: Parameterizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

A simple parameterization for ice sheet ablation rate

Pollard¹

1980

Tellus

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A parameterization of monthly mean ice sheet ablation as a function only of surface air temperature and insolation is examined. By considering differences in summer climate between the present and the last ice age, it is suggested that the parameterization adequately describes long-term changes in ablation. Although significant discrepancies are found between the parameterization and the seasonal variation of ablation observed on present-day glaciers, the seasonal ablation cycle is still predicted accurately enough to maintain the validity of the parameterization for long-term net annual variations.

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Section: Parameterizationsupporting

confidence: 72%

A simple parameterization for ice sheet ablation rate

Pollard¹

1980

Tellus

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“…Again, the deviations of individual coefficients from coefficients given by the average function were significant. Clearly, if the scatter of individual coefficients about an average curve is a result only of randomly distributed observa tion errors, the empirically derived expressions for Austausch coefficients should be valid and can be used to predict energy transfer by turbulence for any given distribution of wind, temperature, and humidity near the snow surface as has been tried by Ahlmann and Thorarinsson [1938], Eriksson [1942], Light [1941Light [ , 1943, and Orvig [1954]. On the other hand, in view of the lack of basic knowledge of atmospheric turbulence, it would seem there was at least an equal, if not greater possibility that the scatter of Austausch coefficients computed both by Sverdrup and Wal-16n was predominantly a result of a basic defi ciency in the turbulence theory which led them in the first place to express turbulent transfer of energy through use of an exchange coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of surface energy during the ablation season on Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska

Hubley¹

1957

Eos Trans. AGU

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The purpose of the present study has been to perform an empirical investigation of the energy transfer at an isothermal, melting snow surface and its relationship to observed meteorological parameters, using more refined instrumentation and methods of observation than were available in earlier, similar investigations by H. U. Sverdrup and C. C. Wallen. The thickness of the surface layer of snow through which absorption of solar radiation occurs is determined from measurements of intensities of visible radiation within the snow. Albedo values for the snow are computed from measurements of incoming and reflected solar radiation over the snow surface. The snow albedo is found to vary with solar altitude and cloudiness as well as with changes in physical characteristics of the snow. When long‐wave radiation is considered along with solar radiation, it is found that during the ablation season, the diurnal net transfer of radiant energy to the melting snowpack is often greater when skies are overcast than when skies are clear. A comparison is made between the radiative energy transfer at the surface of a model glacier in the Juneau Ice Field, and a model glacier in the Alps. It is shown that energy transfer to the snow by rain falling on an isothermal melting snowpack is an insignificant part of the total energy transfer. From measured and calculated values of net energy transfer at the snow surface, energy transfer by radiation, and energy transfer by rain, values of energy transfer by turbulence are determined for a series of selected observation periods. These values are used to calculate exchange coefficients. It is shown that by making a slight modification in the functional expression for heat transfer by turbulence from that used by Sverdrup and Wallén, it is possible to obtain a nearly invariant relationship between the heat transfer by turbulence, windspeed, and the vertical temperature distribution above the surface when an inversion is present. It is found that turbulent transfer of heat is the most important factor in causing ablation on the Lemon Creek Glacier. This turbulent transfer of energy becomes very large during summer storm periods. As a result, the number of warm storms passing over the glacier in a single ablation season can largely determine whether the glacier will end the season with a positive or negative mass budget.

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“…In addition, the simulations extend over different time periods, and the relative importance of the energybalance components may change considerably during the melt season (e.g. Orvig, 1954;Holmgren, 1971;Wendler and Weller, 1974).…”

Section: Energy-balance Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A distributed surface energy-balance model for complex topography and its application to Storglaciären, Sweden

2005

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ABSTRACT. A grid-based surface energy-balance mass-balance model has been developed to simulate snow-and ice melt in mountainous regions with an hourly resolution. The model is applied to Storglaciären, a valley glacier in Sweden, using a 30 m resolution digital elevation model. Emphasis is directed towards computing the radiation components. These are modelled individually, considering the effects of slope angle, aspect and effective horizon. A new parameterization for snow albedo is suggested, modifying the albedo of the preceding hour as a function of time after snowfall, air temperature and cloudiness. The model is used to provide the meltwater input for discharge modelling and to assess the influence of the individual components on melt. Results are validated by means of observed melt rates, patterns of snow-line retreat and proglacial discharge. In general, simulations are in good agreement with observations. In particular, the diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of discharge are simulated remarkably well.

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Glacial-Meteorological Observations on Icecaps in Baffin Island

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

A simple parameterization for ice sheet ablation rate

A simple parameterization for ice sheet ablation rate

An analysis of surface energy during the ablation season on Lemon Creek Glacier, Alaska

A distributed surface energy-balance model for complex topography and its application to Storglaciären, Sweden

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