Glacial-Marine Sedimentation, Canadian Polar Margin, North of Axel Heiberg Island

Hein, Frances J.; Mudie, Peta J.

doi:10.7202/032861ar

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the other hand, meltwater spreading as overflow from the disintegrating Laurentide Ice Sheet in Parry Channel could have evacuated summer sea ice and carried nutrients northwest, in a reversal of the present direction of interisland flow (Dyke and Morris, 1990;Andrews et al, 1993). Sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses of cores from the continental shelf to the northeast indicate greatly increased open water around 10 ka, relative to the subsequent Holocene, which Hein and Mudie (1991) suggest coincides with retreat of glaciers on and around Axel Heiberg Island.…”

Section: Climatic Implications Of Shoreline Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes on Brock and Prince Patrick Islands, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Hodgson¹,

Taylor²,

Fyles³

2007

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Emerged shorelines are few and poorly defined on Prince Patrick and Brock islands. The sparse radiocarbon dates show emergence of only 10 m through the Holocene on the Arctic Ocean coast, increasing to 20 m 100 km to the east. Hence, from Brock Island, representative of westernmost coasts, the sea level curve since the latest Pleistocene has a very low gradient, whereas on eastern Prince Patrick Island the curve takes the more typical exponential form. A decline in isobases towards the west is thus registered. Drowned estuaries, breached lakes, and coastal barriers, particularly in southwest Prince Patrick Island, suggest that the sea is now transgressing at a rate that decreases towards the north end of the island, hence there is also a component of tilt to the south. Delevelling is assumed to result from undefined ice loads, but may have a tectonic component. The sole prominent raised marine deposit is a ridge probably built in a period of more mobile sea ice, possibly at a time of stable or slightly rising sea level in the middle or early Holocene. It winds discontinuously along several hundred of kilometres of the shores of the Arctic Ocean and connecting channels, declining to the south.

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Section: Climatic Implications Of Shoreline Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes on Brock and Prince Patrick Islands, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Hodgson¹,

Taylor²,

Fyles³

2007

gpq

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“…1 cm/Ky) throughout the Holocene (de Vernal et al 2005). Hein & Mudie (1991) investigated sediment cores from the north-western shelf off Axel Heiberg Island (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) and established a model for the Holocene sedimentary environment. They show that the Canadian Archipelago was characterized by rather high sedimentation rates !134 cm/Ky during the early Holocene contrasting with lower values thereafter ranging up to 7.4 cm/Ky with a high component of coarse IRD (Hein & Mudie 1991).…”

Section: Sinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in transport of terrigenous material on the shelves and the deep Arctic Ocean during the Holocene

Wegner

Bennett

Vernal³

et al. 2015

Polar Research

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Arctic coastal zones serve as a sensitive filter for terrigenous matter input onto the shelves via river discharge and coastal erosion. This material is further distributed across the Arctic by ocean currents and sea ice. The coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to changes related to recent climate change. We compiled a pan-Arctic review that looks into the changing Holocene sources, transport processes and sinks of terrigenous sediment in the Arctic Ocean. Existing palaeoceanographic studies demonstrate how climate warming and the disappearance of ice sheets during the early Holocene initiated eustatic sea-level rise that greatly modified the physiography of the Arctic Ocean. Sedimentation rates over the shelves and slopes were much greater during periods of rapid sea-level rise in the early and middle Holocene, as a result of the relative distance to the terrestrial sediment sources. However, estimates of suspended sediment delivery through major Arctic rivers do not indicate enhanced delivery during this time, which suggests enhanced rates of coastal erosion. The increased supply of terrigenous material to the outer shelves and deep Arctic Ocean in the early and middle Holocene might serve as analogous to forecast changes in the future Arctic.To access the supplementary material for this article, please see supplementary files under Article Tools online.Rapid changes in the environmental conditions of the Arctic have been observed over recent decades. These include decreasing summer and winter sea-ice extent, increasing annual river discharge, increasing areal extent of open-water areas over the Arctic shelves and lengthening of the open-water season Serreze et al. 2007;Kwok et al. 2009;Wagner et al. 2011;Stroeve et al. 2012;Fichot et al. 2013;Zhang et al. 2013). These changes will likely lead to important transformations in sedimentary environments and the pathways and processes of terrigeneous particulate cycling. In particular, they could play a role in sediment resuspension and coastal erosion (e.g., Atkinson 2005;Eicken et al. 2005; Carmack et al. 2006; Anisimov et al. 2007;Lantuit et al. 2012).The impact of increased export of turbid waters from rivers and coastal regions on Arctic marine ecosystems remains uncertain; it could either increase delivery of nutrients and promote productivity or suppress photosynthesis in the light-limited algal populations by scattering absorbing sunlight (Retamal et al. 2008). An adequate understanding of the pathways of terrigenous material is needed to elucidate connections between sediment and ecosystem dynamics under a changing climate. Research efforts assessing recent trends and variability of terrigenous particulate matter inputs into the Arctic Ocean have been carried out during the past decades and discussed in reviews by Rachold et al. (2004), Macdonald et al. (2010), Forbes (2011) and Goñ i et al. (2013). However, the ability to forecast the future significance of land-derived sedimentary inputs into the Arctic Ocean also needs to account for th...

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“…Pollen, spores and dinocyst concentrations are very low in cores beneath permanent pack ice on the Canadian Polar Shelf (Hein &Mudie, 1991) and on the Alpha and Lomonosov Ridges in the central Arctic Ocean (Figure 4b; Mudie, 1985). These sites adjoin the High Arctic polar desert region and large rivers are absent.…”

Section: Review Of Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Marine palynology: potentials for onshore—offshore correlation of Pleistocene—Holocene records

Mudie

McCarthy

2006

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa

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A review of marine pollen-spore distributions reveals regional variations in primary transport pathways. Fluvial transport prevails on the mountainous margins of the eastern Pacific and off maj,or river deltas, including Arctic estuaries. Elsewhere, wind and sea ice are the main transport agents, and pollen concentration corresponds to dust influx. Redeposition of Quaternary palynomorphs is also important near emergent continental ice sheet centres where fine-grained sediment is being eroded. Pre-Quaternary palynomorphs can indicate sources of ice-rafted debris. Preservation and transport of pollen in marine sediments is not well understood. Laboratory processing with acetolysis shows damage of bisaccate grains, and copepod feeding experiments show some pollen damage of grains within the faecal pellet membranes.A multi-box model shows the relative importance of rivers, wind and ocean currents in pollen transport to shelves of Atlantic Canada: most pollen is wind-transported, but large storms may indirectly increase influx. In the Arctic, sea ice scouring and sediment transport are important in addition to northeasterly winds. These glacial processes would impact a third of the planet during glaciations. Pleistocene cores from NW Atlantic and Pacific Oceans show that glacial stage transport differed from that during Holocene and other interglacials because glacioeustatic lowstands exposed the continental shelves, and wind strength and direction changed following ice sheet growth. Pollen influxes and ice-volume records show variable leads and lags of palaeometerological events at glacialhnterglacial boundaries, with a major decline in terrigenous organics after -0.4 Ma (MIS 13-11).

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Glacial-Marine Sedimentation, Canadian Polar Margin, North of Axel Heiberg Island

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes on Brock and Prince Patrick Islands, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes on Brock and Prince Patrick Islands, Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Variability in transport of terrigenous material on the shelves and the deep Arctic Ocean during the Holocene

Marine palynology: potentials for onshore—offshore correlation of Pleistocene—Holocene records

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