Glacial landsystems and dynamics of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Michigan, USA

Kehew, Alan E.; Esch, John M.; Kozlowski, Andrew L.; Ewald, Stephanie K.

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.021

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, there is minimal dating control for the vast majority of ice streams in the LIS. Time-dependent ice sheet reconstructions that incorporate ice stream activity have only been carried out for some sectors of the ice sheet, such as the CAA (De Angelis and Kleman, 2005Stokes et al, 2009), Atlantic Canada (Shaw et al, 2006), and the Great Lakes region (Kehew et al, 2005(Kehew et al, , 2012, whereas for other regions the timing of ice streams has rarely been investigated (e.g., the Interior Plains).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to topographic steering, fine lacustrine sediments were conducive to fast ice flow (Beget, 1986;Clark, 1992;Hicock, 1992;Hicock and Dreimanis, 1992;Lian et al, 2003;Kehew et al, 2005;Jennings, 2006;Eyles, 2012;Kehew et al, 2012; discussed further in Section 5.4.3). Rapid ice flow is further supported by observations of glacial lineations on the floor of Lake Ontario and by glacial landsystems composed of drumlin fields, tunnel valleys, thrust blocks, and recessional moraines (Jennings, 2006;Eyles, 2012;Kehew et al, 2012). A more localised ice stream has also been reconstructed for the Oneida Lobe and the higher ground of the Tug Hill Plateau in the region east of Lake Ontario (nos.…”

Section: Great Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice streaming in this region has been inferred from the wide-scale topography and from landsystems identified to be characteristic of fast ice flow (Kehew et al, 2005;Jennings, 2006;Hess and Briner, 2009;Eyles, 2012;Kehew et al, 2012;Margold et al, 2015).…”

Section: Great Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Identification, characteristics and comparison to modern ice sheets

Margold

Stokes

Clark

2015

Earth-Science Reviews

220

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a comprehensive review and synthesis of ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) based on a new mapping inventory that includes previously hypothesised ice streams and includes a concerted effort to search for others from across the entire ice sheet bed. The inventory includes 117 ice streams, which have been identified based on a variety of evidence including their bedform imprint, large-scale geomorphology/ topography, till properties, and ice rafted debris in ocean sediment records. Despite uncertainty in identifying ice streams in hard bedrock areas, it is unlikely that any major ice streams have been missed. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Laurentide ice streams formed a drainage pattern that bears close resemblance to the present day velocity patterns in modern ice sheets. Large ice streams had extensive onset zones and were fed by multiple tributaries and, where ice drained through regions of high relief, the spacing of ice streams shows a degree of spatial self-organisation which has hitherto not been recognised. Topography exerted a primary control on the location of ice streams, but there were large areas along the western and southern margin of the ice sheet where the bed was composed of weaker sedimentary bedrock, and where networks of ice streams switched direction repeatedly and probably over short time scales. As the ice sheet retreated onto its low relief interior, several ice streams show no correspondence with topography or underlying geology, perhaps facilitated by localised build-up of pressurised subglacial meltwater. They differed from most other ice stream tracks in having much lower length-to-width ratios and have no modern analogues. There have been very few attempts to date the initiation and cessation of ice streams, but it is clear that ice streams switched on and off during deglaciation, rather than maintaining the same trajectory as the ice margin retreated. We provide a first order estimate of changes in ice stream activity during deglaciation and show that around 30% of the margin was drained by ice streams at the LGM (similar to that for present day Antarctic ice sheets), but this decreases to 15% and 12% at 12 cal ka BP and 10 cal ka BP, respectively. The extent to which these changes in the ice stream drainage network represent a simple and predictable readjustment to a changing mass balance driven by climate, or internal ice dynamical feedbacks unrelated to climate (or both) is largely unknown and represents a key area for future work to address.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Great Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Identification, characteristics and comparison to modern ice sheets

Margold

Stokes

Clark

2015

Earth-Science Reviews

220

234

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite this view, end and recessional moraines are considered important landscape elements of the hydrological system, particularly in the context of their hummocky topography and consequent ponding and slow depression-focused recharge to the underlying sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers (Bates and Metcalfe 2006;Blackport Hydrogeology Inc. et al 2009;Ahrens 2012). Recent studies have suggested that end and recessional moraines may be more complex in terms of their internal composition (Russell et al 2009(Russell et al , 2013Kehew et al 2012; see Paris Moraine aquitard facies in Burt and Dodge 2016), considering processes such as meltwater, sediment gravity flows, deformation by ice, and ponding may all be important in their development. These processes lead to substantial subsurface sediment heterogeneity that is likely to affect groundwater recharge and the transport and fate of contaminants at depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The advance and retreat of ice lobe margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet formed moraines that are a prevalent feature throughout southwestern Ontario. In contrast to the well-studied stratified moraine complexes, recessional and end moraines have largely been ignored in the context of hydrogeological studies. Recent urban growth has led to development pressures on these moraines and a need to better understand their hydrogeology. This study presents data sets from the Paris Moraine near Guelph, Ontario, to examine its geomorphology, internal composition, and the corresponding hydraulic properties of these ice-marginal features. The moraine's geomorphic elements were mapped using high-resolution Global Positioning System transects, aerial photograph analysis, and ground truthing. Nine continuous sediment cores were recovered to determine the nature and distribution of subsurface sedimentary units and their relation to the regional stratigraphic framework. Cores were described in detail using standard sedimentological techniques, and significant sediment heterogeneity was observed in cross sections. Grain-size analyses of over 150 samples provide site-specific estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity. In addition, saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured on 104 samples using the falling head permeameter method. This study found that different scales of sediment heterogeneity occur across the moraine and the associated till plain and outwash. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity varies much less. It is expected that certain sedimentary units at specific depths will impact groundwater flow at the centimetre to hundreds of metres scale, which is significant in environmental site assessments or for understanding contaminant hydrogeological problems.Résumé : L'avancée et le retrait des marges de lobes de la callotte glaciaire Laurentidien ont formé des moraines qui constituent un élément bien en évidence dans tout le sud-ouest de l'Ontario. Contrairement aux complexes de moraines stratifiées bien étudiés, les moraines terminales et de retrait n'ont pas fait l'objet de beaucoup d'études hydrogéologiques. L'urbanisation récente a mené à des pressions d'aménagement sur ces moraines et la nécessité de mieux comprendre leur hydrogéologie. L'étude présente des ensembles de données sur la moraine de Paris, près de Guelph (Ontario), afin d'examiner sa géomorphologie, sa composition interne et les propriétés hydrauliques correspondantes de ces éléments glaciaires marginaux. Les éléments géomorphologiques de la moraine ont été cartographiés par des transects GPS de haute résolution, l'analyse de photographies aériennes et des vérifications au sol. Neuf carottes de sédiments continues ont été obtenues dans le but d'établir la nature et la répartition des unités sédimentaires du sous-sol et leur relation avec le cadre stratigraphique régional. Les carottes ont été décrites en détail par des techniques sédimentologiques normalisées, et une importante hétérogénéité des sédiments a été observée dans les coupes. L...

show abstract

“…; Kehew et al . ; Lüthgens and Böse ; Ó Cofaigh et al . ), or on biostratigraphic evidence for climate changes throughout this period (e.g.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Glacial and Paraglacial Environments To Past mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain glacial and paraglacial environments under global climate change: lessons from the past, future directions and policy implications

Knight

Harrison

2014

Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Globally, glacial and paraglacial environments in mountains are vulnerable to the effects of ongoing contemporary climate change (global warming), but monitoring of such systems today provides only a limited spatial and temporal viewpoint of their likely evolution over coming decades to centuries. This is because these environments show complex and nonlinear responses to forcing and are affected by time lags, feedbacks and antecedent factors, including geologic control and geologic history that present monitoring of these systems cannot capture. In order to evaluate how glacial and paraglacial environments in mountains are likely to respond to future climate change, we consider how these environments have responded to climate change in the past (the last glacial–interglacial transition, and the Little Ice Age). From this, we may anticipate the likely responses of glacial and paraglacial environments in mountains to global warming over coming decades. We show that future changes in glacial and paraglacial environments, in particular in glaciated regions in continental interiors, have downstream implications for the biosphere (including biodiversity and ecosystem services, sustainable agriculture and water resources), the human environment (including cultural and heritage landscapes and social/economic activities), and for policy and planning. These will be important issues for the later twenty‐first century and beyond.

show abstract

Glacial landsystems and dynamics of the Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Michigan, USA

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Identification, characteristics and comparison to modern ice sheets

Ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Identification, characteristics and comparison to modern ice sheets

Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

Mountain glacial and paraglacial environments under global climate change: lessons from the past, future directions and policy implications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About