Glacial lake changes and outburst flood hazard in Chandra basin, North-Western Indian Himalaya

Prakash, Chander; Nagarajan, R.

doi:10.1080/19475705.2018.1445663

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…While previous work has mapped glacial lake change across individual basins e.g. 22,23 or regions e.g. [24][25][26][27][28] , no global assessment has investigated glacial lake occurrence or evolution.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990

et al. 2020

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Glacial lakes are rapidly growing in response to climate change and glacier retreat. The role of these lakes as terrestrial storage for glacial meltwater is currently unknown and not accounted for in global sea level assessments. Here we map glacier lakes around the world using 254,795 satellite images and use scaling relations to estimate that global glacier lake volume increased ~48%, to 156.5 km 3 , between 1990 and 2018. This methodology provides a near-global database and analysis of glacial lake extent, volume and change. Over the study period, lake numbers and total area increased by 53% and 51%, respectively. Median lake size has increased 3%; however, the 95 th percentile has increased ~9%. Currently glacial lakes hold about 0.43 mm of sea level equivalent. As glaciers continue to retreat and feed glacial lakes, the implications for glacial lake outburst floods and water resources are of considerable societal and ecological importance.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990

et al. 2020

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“…The newly formed glacial lakes, including supra glacial lakes, were greater in number than the lakes that have disappeared over time. Lake expansion is not limited to the North-Western Himalayas, the phenomenon has also been witnessed in other parts of the Himalayan region and has been well documented in the scholarly literature, for example Central Himalayas have shown an expansion rate of 24% [90], Nepal 25% [19], Namco basin 16.7% [91], Koshi basin 31.5% [53], Entire Third Pole 23% [28], Chandra basin 41.41% [92] and Nepal and Bhutan 20-60% [68]. The classification of glacial lakes becomes problematic when there are several studies that classify/categorize lakes differently based on certain characteristics and no common consensus is developed to standardise a selection criterion and overcome such a problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Spatiotemporal dynamics of glacial lakes (1990–2018) in the Kashmir Himalayas, India using Remote Sensing and GIS

et al. 2021

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This study is perhaps the first attempt to use satellite data (1990–2018) to analyze spatiotemporal changes in glacial lakes over the Kashmir Himalayas supplemented by field studies. Landsat images were used to delineate the spatial extent of glacial lakes at four-time points, i.e., 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018. The total count of lakes as well as their spatial extent showed a discernible increase. The number increased from 253 in 1990 to 324 in 2018, with a growth rate of 21.4%. The area has increased from 18.84 ± 0.1 km2 in 1990 to 22.13 ± 0.12 km2 in 2018 with a growth rate of 14.7%. The newly formed glacial lakes, including supraglacial lakes, were greater in number than the lakes that disappeared over the study period. All glacial lakes are situated at elevations of 2700 m asl and 4500 m asl. More than 78% of lake expansion in the study region is largely due to the growth of existing glacial lakes. Through area change analysis, our findings reveal that certain lakes show rapid expansion needing immediate monitoring and observation. The analysis of the meteorological variables reveals that minimum and maximum temperatures in the Jhelum basin have shown an increasing trend. Tmax showed an increase of 1.25 °C, whereas Tmin increased to 0.7 °C from 1980 to 2020. On the other hand, precipitation has shown a decreasing trend, which can be attributed to one of the major causes of glacier recession and the expansion of glacial lakes in the Upper Jhelum basin. Consequently, this study could play a significant role in devising a comprehensive risk assessment plan for potential Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) and developing a mechanism for continuous monitoring and management of lakes in the study region.

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“…A similar exercise was conducted by Frey et al (2010) on the Swiss Alps where the three-level approach was applied to historical data to allow a comparison with the present situation. In this study, we considered the Gepang Gath Glacier, where a proglacial lake had formed during in the 1970s (Prakash and Nagarajan, 2018). The bed topography of Gepang Gath Glacier was derived from the icethickness distribution obtained from the GlabTop2_IITB model simulations based on the glacier boundary of the year 2000 and the archived historical DEM (i.e., SRTM 30 m) captured during February 2000.…”

Section: Validation Exercise On Anticipation Of Current Glacial Lake mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Potential Sites for Future Lake Formation and Expansion of Existing Lakes in Glaciers of Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India

Pandit

Ramsankaran

2020

Front. Earth Sci.

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Disappearance of mountain glaciers and formation/expansion of glacial lakes are among the most distinguishable and dynamic impacts of climate warming in the Himalayas. The present research focuses on the identification of potential sites for future lake formation in the 65 selected study glaciers of Chandra basin located in the western Himalayas. The study adopted stress-driven, physics-based GlabTop2_IITB model to obtain the ice-thickness distribution, which was then used to extract the bedrock topography. Based on the overdeepenings determined from the derived glacier bed topographies, a total of 350 potential future glacial lakes (PFGLs) were identified, and a detailed highresolution database of these lakes was generated. The identified PFGLs were found to occupy an area of 49.56 km 2 , corresponding to 8.4% of the current total area of the 65 study glaciers (591 km 2). The total storage volume of these PFGLs was estimated as 1.08 ± 0.16 km 3. In our study region, 20 PFGLs were identified as potentially hazardous in the event of glacial lake outburst flood occurrence, and their combined storage volume was found to be more than 10 6 m 3 , which calls for continuous monitoring of the glaciers in this region.

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Glacial lake changes and outburst flood hazard in Chandra basin, North-Western Indian Himalaya

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990

Rapid worldwide growth of glacial lakes since 1990

Spatiotemporal dynamics of glacial lakes (1990–2018) in the Kashmir Himalayas, India using Remote Sensing and GIS

Identification of Potential Sites for Future Lake Formation and Expansion of Existing Lakes in Glaciers of Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India

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