Glacial history of the southern side of the central Alps, Italy

Bini, A.; Zuccoli, Luisa; Bussolini, Claudio; Corbari, Daniele; Rold, Ornella Da; Ferliga, Carla; Rossi, Stefano; Viviani, C.

doi:10.1016/s1571-0866(04)80070-8

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Unlike other glaciers on the southern side of the Alps, field data (Bini & Zuccoli 2004;unpublished CARG program data) indicate that the Oglio glacier in this area of the Camonica Valley had a reduced thickness and a low topographic gradient of 10‰ and locally less. At Pisogne the Oglio glacier was 600 m thick, while for example the Adda glacier at the northern part of Lake Como was about 2000 m thick.…”

Section: Sediment Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Morphology and geological setting of Iseo Lake (Lombardy) through multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution seismic profiles

et al. 2007

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Morphology and geology of Iseo Lake from geophysical data 23 ABSTRACT The Regione Lombardia geological mapping program (CARG), in collaboration with the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale of Trieste (OGS), realized a geophysical study of Iseo Lake (Sebino).A multibeam survey and high-resolution single-channel seismic lines allowed the recognition of five physiographic units with different morphologies and evolution: the Oglio prodelta in the northern part of the lake; a central basin with a regular flat floor between -240 and -256 m in depth; the Monte Isola submerged escarpment, bounding the western shores of Monte Isola and emerging at the small islands of San Paolo and Loreto; the Sale Marasino plateau, with a maximum depth of -100 m, between Monte Isola and the eastern shores of the lake; and the southern Sarnico Basin.In the single-channel seismic profiles crossing the central basin, the uppermost part of the sedimentary infill of Iseo Lake can be subdivided into three sequences, interpreted from top to base as recent lacustrine deposits, glacial deposits recording the last glacial maximum expansion, and lacustrine deposits.The morphology of the lake was to a large degree shaped prior to the last glacial maximum (LGM) expansion, as erosional action exerted by the LGM glacier was much reduced. The Oglio prodelta, the fan deltas skirting the lake shores and the landslides along the submerged slopes of the lake occurred subsequent to the retreat of the LGM glacier. RIASSUNTOOggetto del presente lavoro è lo studio geofisico del Lago d'Iseo (Sebino), realizzato dalla Regione Lombardia nell'ambito del progetto della nuova Carta Geologica d'Italia (CARG) in collaborazione con l'Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale di Trieste (OGS). Lo studio è stato realizzato mediante il rilievo batimetrico multibeam dei fondali e l'esecuzione di profili sismici mono-e multicanale ed ha permesso di riconoscere cinque unità fisiografiche, differenziate per caratteri morfologici ed evolutivi: il prodelta dell'Oglio nella parte settentrionale del lago; un bacino centrale con un fondale pianeggiante, a profondità comprese tra -240 e -256 m; la scarpata sommersa di Monte Isola, che limita a Ovest Monte Isola e emerge in corrispondenza delle isole di San Paolo e Loreto; il plateau di Sale Marasino, con una profondità massima di -100 m, tra Monte Isola e la riva orientale del lago; il bacino di Sarnico nella parte meridionale del lago.Nei profili sismici monocanale ad alta risoluzione sono state riconosciuti nel bacino centrale almeno tre intervalli deposizionali, che dall'alto al basso comprendono sedimenti lacustri recenti, depositi glaciali attribuibili all'ultima glaciazione e depositi lacustri precedenti allo LGM.La morfologia del lago è stata in larga misura acquisita prima dell'ultima massima espansione glaciale, poiché l'azione erosiva esercitata dal ghiacciaio LGM appare molto ridotta. La formazione del prodelta dell'Oglio e dei delta conoidi che orlano il lago è successiva al riti...

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Section: Sediment Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Morphology and geological setting of Iseo Lake (Lombardy) through multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution seismic profiles

et al. 2007

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“…The tendency for subsequent glaciations to overprint former phases, however, means that little is known about the effect of these early, extensive glaciations or subsequent cycles on the evolving landscape prior to the Würmian glaciation (MIS 5d‐2). During the LGM (24–21 ka BP) [ Schlüchter , , and references therein] ice lobes fed by major Alpine Valleys such as the Rhine and Rhone extended north to the Jura and beyond Lake Constance, while a more temperate climate and lower forefield elevations on the southern side of the Alps restricted ice extents to the range front [ Bini et al ., ; Florineth and Schlüchter , ; Ivy‐Ochs et al ., ; Kelly , ]. At this time the Matter Valley was occupied by the ~1400 m thick Valais icefield, a major contributor to the LGM Rhone Glacier (Figure ) [ Kelly , ].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…references therein] ice lobes fed by major Alpine Valleys such as the Rhine and Rhone extended north to the Jura and beyond Lake Constance, while a more temperate climate and lower forefield elevations on the southern side of the Alps restricted ice extents to the range front [Bini et al, 2004;Florineth and Schlüchter, 1998;Ivy-Ochs et al, 2006;Kelly, 2003]. At this time the Matter Valley was occupied by the~1400 m thick Valais icefield, a major contributor to the LGM Rhone Glacier (Figure 1) [Kelly, 2003].…”

Section: Glacial Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subglacial extensional fracture development and implications for Alpine Valley evolution

Leith

Moore

Amann³

et al. 2014

JGR Earth Surface

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[1] Bedrock stresses induced through exhumation and tectonic processes play a key role in the topographic evolution of alpine valleys. Using a finite difference model combining the effects of tectonics, erosion, and long-term bedrock strength, we assess the development of near-surface in situ stresses and predict bedrock behavior in response to glacial erosion in an Alpine Valley (the Matter Valley, southern Switzerland). Initial stresses are derived from the regional tectonic history, which is characterized by ongoing transtensional or extensional strain throughout exhumation of the brittle crust. We find that bedrock stresses beneath glacial ice in an initial V-shaped topography are sufficient to induce localized extensional fracturing in a zone extending laterally 600 m from the valley axis. The limit of this zone is reflected in the landscape today by a valley "shoulder," separating linear upper mountain slopes from the deep U-shaped inner valley. We propose that this extensional fracture development enhanced glacial quarrying between the valley shoulder and axis and identify a positive feedback where enhanced quarrying promoted valley incision, which in turn increased in situ stress concentrations near the valley floor, assisting erosion and further driving rapid U-shaped valley development. During interglacial periods, these stresses were relieved through brittle strain or topographic modification, and without significant erosion to reach more highly stressed bedrock, subsequent glaciation caused a reduction in differential stress and suppressed extensional fracturing. A combination of stress relief during interglacial periods, and increased ice accumulation rates in highly incised valleys, will reduce the likelihood of repeat enhanced erosion events.

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“…Bini and Zuccoli 2004). A carbonate cement of conglomerates of glaciofluvial origin (Ceppo dell' Olona unit) gives a minimum age estimate of 1.5 Ma (Bini 1997).…”

Section: Pre-lgm Sedimentary Fillings Of Overdeepened Structures In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, geometry, age and origin of overdeepened valleys and basins in the Alps and their foreland

2010

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Overdeepened valleys and basins are commonly found below the present landscape surface in areas that were affected by Quaternary glaciations. Overdeepened troughs and their sedimentary fillings are important in applied geology, for example, for geotechnics of deep foundations and tunnelling, groundwater resource management, and radioactive waste disposal. This publication is an overview of the areal distribution and the geometry of overdeepened troughs in the Alps and their foreland, and summarises the present knowledge of the age and potential processes that may have caused deep erosion. It is shown that overdeepened features within the Alps concur mainly with tectonic structures and/or weak lithologies as well as with Pleistocene ice confluence and partly also diffluence situations. In the foreland, overdeepening is found as elongated buried valleys, mainly oriented in the direction of former ice flow, and glacially scoured basins in the ablation area of glaciers. Some buried deeply incised valleys were generated by fluvial down-cutting during the Messinian crisis but this mechanism of formation applies only for the southern side of the Alps. Lithostratigraphic records and dating evidence reveal that overdeepened valleys were repeatedly occupied and excavated by glaciers during past glaciations. However, the age of the original formation of (non-Messinian) overdeepened structures remains unknown. The mechanisms causing overdeepening also remain unidentified and it can only be speculated that pressurised meltwater played an important role in this context.

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Glacial history of the southern side of the central Alps, Italy

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Morphology and geological setting of Iseo Lake (Lombardy) through multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution seismic profiles

Morphology and geological setting of Iseo Lake (Lombardy) through multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution seismic profiles

Subglacial extensional fracture development and implications for Alpine Valley evolution

Distribution, geometry, age and origin of overdeepened valleys and basins in the Alps and their foreland

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