Glacial and climatic events in iceland reflecting regional north atlantic climatic shifts during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition

Inǵólfsson, Ólafur; Björck, Svante; Haflidason, Haflidi; Rundgren, Mats

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(97)00007-3

Cited by 69 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…This approach is consistent with other deglacial and early Holocene chronologies on Iceland (e.g. Ingólfsson et al 1997;Geirsdóttir et al 1997). The first observation of Vedde Ash at the base of lithofacies Ssd, the transitional unit between the glacialmarine and postglacial seismic units, provides a maximum age for lithofacies Ssd of 10.3 ka BP (Birks et al 1996).…”

Section: Tephra Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Chronology and paleoenvironments during the late Weichselian deglaciation of the southwest Iceland shelf

Jennings¹

2000

SBOR

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Section: Tephra Analysissupporting

confidence: 88%

Chronology and paleoenvironments during the late Weichselian deglaciation of the southwest Iceland shelf

Jennings¹

2000

SBOR

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“…In Iceland the early Holocene was characterized by progressive warming, rapidly retreating glaciers and development of a vegetation cover (e.g., Hallsdóttir, 1995;Ingólfsson et al, 1997). The Icelandic Holocene temperature maximum occurred between 8 and 4 ka BP, with summer temperatures 2-3°C higher than present ( Fig.…”

Section: The Western Arctic and Sub Arctic Maritime Zone: Icelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

Harris

Arenson

Christiansen³

et al. 2009

Earth-Science Reviews

559

361

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We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based process-oriented models, is described, and it is shown that, though more complex and data dependent, process-oriented approaches are better suited to estimating transient effects of climate change in complex mountain topography. Mapping and characterisation of permafrost depth and distribution requires integrated multiple geophysical approaches and recent advances are discussed. We report on recent research into ground ice formation, including ice segregation within bedrock and vein ice formation within ice wedge systems. The potential impacts of climate change on rock weathering, permafrost creep, landslides, rock falls, debris flows and slow mass movements are also discussed. Recent engineering responses to the potentially damaging effects of climate warming are outlined, and risk assessment strategies to minimise geological hazards are described. We conclude that forecasting changes in hazard occurrence, magnitude and frequency is likely to depend on process-based modelling, demanding improved understanding of geomorphological process-response systems and their impacts on human activity. We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous high altitude mountain permafrost of Iceland, Fennoscandia and the Alps. The paper focuses on methodological developments and data collection over the last decade or so, including research associated with the continent-scale network of instrumented permafrost boreholes established between 1998 and 2001 under the European Union PACE project. Data indicate recent warming trends, with greatest warming at higher latitudes. Equally important are the impacts of shorter-term extreme climatic events, most immediately reflected in changes in active layer thickness. A large number of complex variables, including altitude, topography, insolation and snow distribution, determine permafrost temperatures. The development of regionally calibrated empiricalstatistical models, and physically based ...

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“…Most of these publications highlight the fact that the IIS retreated rapidly and catastrophically, until it occupied only the centre and southeast of the island, around 15 ka (Andrews et al, 2000;Norðdahl and Einarsson 2001, Geirsdóttir et al 2009, Brynjólfsson et al, 2015a. At the end of the Bølling stadial there was a short glacial advance in the Older Dryas (Ingólfsson et al, 1997). During the Allerød stadial, the temperature rose again considerably and the glaciers retreated again (Rundgren, 1995(Rundgren, , 1999Rundgren and Ingólfsson, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Younger Dryas the glaciers started to re-advance and in the north and northwest they reached the present coastline and entered the great fiords, in many cases obstructing lateral valleys and forming lakes (Geirsdóttir et al, 2002;Norðdahl and Pétursson, 2005), but many interfluves remained free of ice during this period (Norðdahl and Einarsson, 2001). After the glacier retreat at the end of the Younger Dryas, the glacial fronts re-advanced again in the Early Preboreal period, around 11.2 ka (Ingólfsson et al, 1997;Norðdahl and Einarsson, 2001;Norðdahl and Pétursson, 2005). Later, the glaciers retreated rapidly (Kaldal and Víkingssson, 1990;Andrews et al, 2000;Norðdahl and Einarsson, 2001;Geirsdóttir et al, 2002Geirsdóttir et al, , 2009Larsen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

Andrés

Tanarro

Fernández

et al. 2016

CIG

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Glacial and climatic events in iceland reflecting regional north atlantic climatic shifts during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition

Abstract: All right\ re~rvetl. PrInted in Great Britain.

Cited by 69 publications

References 39 publications

Chronology and paleoenvironments during the late Weichselian deglaciation of the southwest Iceland shelf

Chronology and paleoenvironments during the late Weichselian deglaciation of the southwest Iceland shelf

Permafrost and climate in Europe: Monitoring and modelling thermal, geomorphological and geotechnical responses

The origin of glacial alpine landscape in Tröllaskagi Peninsula (North Iceland)

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