1998
DOI: 10.1023/a:1006941729637
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Cited by 197 publications
(51 citation statements)
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“…The original items were in English and needed to be translated into Chinese. To ensure validity of the translated version of the measures, we followed a standard translation and back-translation procedure for this process (Hambleton & Patsula, 1998). The actual items are shown in Appendix A.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The original items were in English and needed to be translated into Chinese. To ensure validity of the translated version of the measures, we followed a standard translation and back-translation procedure for this process (Hambleton & Patsula, 1998). The actual items are shown in Appendix A.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although EFAs and CFAs are commonly used for construct validation of adapted instruments, when aiming to conduct cross-cultural studies and compare various groups among them, the researcher must simultaneously assess the measure's compatibility within the various groups (Hambleton & Patsula, 1998;Reise, Widaman, & Pugh, 1993;Sireci, 2005). Through those comparative analyses, the researcher ensures that the measurement similarly evaluates the same construct in different populations, and thereby ensures the assumption of measurement invariance (Reise et al, 1993).…”
Section: Validation Of Instruments For Cross-cultural Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 We followed the criteria described by Hambleton and Patsula [74] who suggested that a rigorous instrument adaptation process should involve at least three steps: (a) translating the test from a source to target language, (b) translating the test back into the source language (back translation), and (c) using independent teams of qualified translators to review the original, back-translated, and target language versions of the instrument to examine equivalence and resolve discrepancies.…”
Section: Endnotesmentioning
confidence: 99%