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Neelima, S.; Ram, G. C.; Kataria, J.M.; Goswami, T. K.

doi:10.1023/a:1022014825451

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…ARV isolates in domestic poultry with 80% of them being non-pathogenic and are frequently found in clinical healthy birds ( 17 , 42 , 43 ). ARV infection is associated with transitional ARV diseases, including arthritis/tenosynovitis, MAS, RSS, respiratory diseases, hepatitis, myocarditis, and immunosuppression ( 44 , 45 ). Here, we described the pathogenicity in chickens of ARV originating from wild birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

et al. 2022

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Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in domestic poultry with 80% of them being non-pathogenic and they are frequently found in clinically healthy birds. ARVs have also been known to be the etiological agents of viral arthritis (VA), tenosynovitis, myocarditis, runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), and respiratory and enteric disease in chickens. Significant economic losses during the process of poultry husbandry are due, in part, to unmitigated ARV infections throughout the poultry industry. Recently, many isolates shared genetic similarities between those recovered from wild birds and those recovered from poultry. One explanation may be that there is a degree of spillover and spillback of ARVs between the two groups. However, studies on the role of wild birds in the epidemiology and pathogenicity of ARVs are insufficient. Here, we describe the pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens of ARV originating from wild birds. The challenge experiment was conducted in six groups including a negative control group, a positive control group (reference strain of S1133), and four groups (A15-157, A18-13, A18-205, A19-106) infected with ARVs from wild birds. The 7-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with 106TCID50 ARV to evaluate the clinical signs, changes in weight gain, gross lesions, histological changes, virus replication, and serum antibody levels. The peak of clinical signs was from 3 to 5 days post infection (dpi). In addition, the death of one chicken was found in the group infected with the A18-13 isolate. Reduced body weight was also found in chickens infected with ARVs from wild birds compared to the negative control group. All the ARVs infection groups showed noticeable swelling of the footpad. In addition, ARVs were detected in the bursa, tendon, and hock joint by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in all infected groups at 5 and 15 dpi. Histopathological observations revealed acute inflammatory responses on the synovium covering the joint surfaces (arthritis) and tendon sheaths (tenosynovitis), as well as bursa atrophy and lymphocyte depletion. The analysis of the humoral response was performed by ELISA assay, and chickens infected with ARVs showed seroconverted. In conclusion, this study described the typical severe disease of acute VA and tenosynovitis in SPF chickens infected with ARVs derived from wild birds. This study confirmed the pathogenicity of ARVs infection in SPF chickens for the first time, and these results enrich our understanding of the pathogenicity of ARVs derived from wild birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

et al. 2022

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“…In broilers, other significant symptoms are stunting, malabsorption syndrome (MAS), growth retardation, pericarditis, myocarditis, and enteritis [9]. Immunosuppression is also a subsequent result of ARV infection in chickens [10] which may predispose them for other stress factors and infectious agents in environment. Immunosuppression by this virus may also retard the success rate of vaccination against other infectious diseases such as infectious bursal disease and hepatitis [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological detection of avian reovirus in different poultry flocks of Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim: Avian reovirus (ARV) is a constraint to poultry industry in Bangladesh as a cause of several diseases in chickens, especially in broiler. However, the actual status of the viral infection is not known because the large-scale study is not conducted in this country. Therefore, this study aimed to check the presence and distribution of ARV-specific antibody in respect to area, types of chickens (broiler breeder, broiler, and layer), vaccination status, and age of chickens in Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 276 chickens' blood samples were collected from two well-organized broiler breeder stock, seven broiler farms, and five layer farms located at two districts, namely Gazipur and Mymensingh of Bangladesh. Blood samples were collected from wing vein of the apparently healthy chickens using 3 ml of syringe and serum was harvested by keeping the syringe at room temperature in slanting position. The sera were transferred to the laboratory by maintaining the cool chain and further processing was performed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ARV antibody test kit. Results: The results of serological test revealed that an average of 39.5% seropositive against ARV was recorded in chickens of Gazipur and Mymensingh districts. Among these, chickens of Gazipur district had the highest seropositivity of 50.5% than Mymensingh (30.7%). With respect to vaccination status, the seropositivity of vaccinated chickens in both areas was 100% and non-vaccinated chickens was 50.5% in Gazipur and 30.7% in Mymensingh district, respectively. However, regarding age groups, the seropositivity was higher in the age of 4-6 weeks (64.5%). Conclusion: The present serological findings showed a higher prevalence of ARV-specific antibodies in broiler birds. It indicates that the poultry industries of Bangladesh are contaminated with ARV which may naturally be transmitted to chickens either vertically or horizontally.

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“…15,35,37−39 Recently, however, a much cheaper source of sialic acid has been introduced in the synthesis of biomimetic compounds, namely, casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), which is the soluble glycosylated casein residue produced by chymosin action on κ-casein during cheese manufacture (Tables 1 and 2). 2,4,40−44 CGMP contains 5−11% (w/w) sialic acid depending on the source, 40,45,46 of which approximately half is α(2,3)-linked to galactose and the other half is α(2,6)-linked to N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine (GalNAc). 47 The well-studied trans-sialidase from T. cruzi is specific for the α(2,3)-linked sialyl residues only, 38,48 whereas sialidases from Clostridium perfringens, Arthrobacter 1).…”

Section: ■ Selectivity and Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Improving Enzymatic Trans-glycosylation for Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Biomimetics

Zeuner

Jers

Mikkelsen

et al. 2014

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Recently, significant progress has been made within enzymatic synthesis of biomimetic, functional glycans, including, for example, human milk oligosaccharides. These compounds are mainly composed of N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, sialic acid, galactose, and glucose, and their controlled enzymatic synthesis is a novel field of research in advanced food ingredient chemistry, involving the use of rare enzymes, which have until now mainly been studied for their biochemical significance, not for targeted biosynthesis applications. For the enzymatic synthesis of biofunctional glycans reaction parameter optimization to promote "reverse" catalysis with glycosidases is currently preferred over the use of glycosyl transferases. Numerous methods exist for minimizing the undesirable glycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis and for improving the trans-glycosylation yields. This review provides an overview of the approaches and data available concerning optimization of enzymatic trans-glycosylation for novel synthesis of complex bioactive carbohydrates using sialidases, α-l-fucosidases, and β-galactosidases as examples. The use of an adequately high acceptor/donor ratio, reaction time control, continuous product removal, enzyme recycling, and/or the use of cosolvents may significantly improve trans-glycosylation and biocatalytic productivity of the enzymatic reactions. Protein engineering is also a promising technique for obtaining high trans-glycosylation yields, and proof-of-concept for reversing sialidase activity to trans-sialidase action has been established. However, the protein engineering route currently requires significant research efforts in each case because the structure-function relationship of the enzymes is presently poorly understood.

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Untitled

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

Avian Reoviruses From Wild Birds Exhibit Pathogenicity to Specific Pathogen Free Chickens by Footpad Route

Serological detection of avian reovirus in different poultry flocks of Gazipur and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh

Methods for Improving Enzymatic Trans-glycosylation for Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Biomimetics

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