“…Some studies have found, for example, that academic disengagement is related closely to negative consequences, such as early student dropout, juvenile delinquency, and problem substance use (e.g., Henry, 2010;Henry, Knight, & Thornberry, 2012;Moretti, 2005;Rouse, 2005). The inequalities in achievements of minority ethnic students (Henry, et al, 2012;Woolf, Johnson, Phillips, & Philipsen, 2007), likewise, may be explained and accounted for by the feeling and experience of alienation. Some students may opt to adopt a criminal lifestyle, forging antisocial identity as a defence for their shortcomings and isolation.…”